class schedule

on May 30 and June 13, we'll begin our class a little bit earlier.
We'll meet around 12:30.
you're welcome to bring your lunch box.

albert

Anaximander 哲一智 王前軒

Anaximander(610-546 B.C)

The dialogue conversation; Q&A

Sean: Hey, Anaximander! Do you know the correct time that Chien-Ming Wang ‘s debut in Major League?

Anaximander: Woo…Are you Yankee’s fan? I am sorry. Maybe you can check the right time on TV program’s schedule.

Sean: Okay! It looks like a good idea, thanks a lot! My name is Sean.

Anaximander: Hi, Sean. I am Anaximander. But how do you know my name?

Sean: HaHaHa.... I’m a Fu Jen Catholic University student and major in philosophy.

Anaximander: Philosophy?

Sean: Yes. In this time, philosophy is not only a theory to explain or solve some special question, it’s also a learning about lots of philosophers and theories.

Anaximander: Sounds funny!

Sean: That’s right! Can you introduce “Milesian”?

Anaximander: Miletus’s attribution is nature philosophy.

Sean: Nature philosophy?

Anaximander: In that time, “how is the world becoming?” is the most important question.

Sean: In your opinion, what is the first principle of things?

Anaximander: I think that the first principle of things is the unlimited which is “eternal and ageless,” “deathless and indestructible.”

Sean: What’s the first Greek philosophers were looking for the origin or the principle?

Anaximander: Boundless or the Unlimited.

Sean: Who is Thales?

Anaximander: Thales of Miletus was the son of Examyes and Cleobuline. His parents are said by some to be from Miletus but others report that they were Phoenicians. And he is my teacher. He said the water is the source of everything, a vital matrix that he associated with water.

Sean: How about the soul?

Anaximander: Only one sentence. “As our soul, being air, keeps us together, so do breath and air encompass the whole cosmos.”

Sean: You are the first philosophy of Greece who has the author.
Can you tell me some information about your book?

Anaximander: The questions in this book are not only science and geophysic. The most important concept is “metaphysics.”

Sean: The word “unlimited” you said would be disappear?

Anaximander: No, it is deathless and indestructible.

Sean: Except the philosophy, what is your interesting?

Anaximander: Mathematics. Astronomy and geography!

Sean: How about love and hate?

Anaximander: These two energies let the first principle of thing
to one system.

Sean: Can you introduce your Astronomy?

Anaximander: OK. I think my theory of astronomy has some characteristic:
o Speculative astronomy
o The celestial bodies make full circles
o The earth floats unsupported in space
o Why the earth does not fall
o The celestial bodies lie behind one another
o The order of the celestial bodies
o The celestial bodies as wheels
o The distances of the celestial bodies
o A representation of Anaximander's universe
Sean: We also know very little of your life. Can you tell me about it briefly?
Anaximander: I have led a mission that founded a colony called Apollonia on the coast of the Black Sea. I also probably introduced the gnomon (a perpendicular sun-dial) into Greece and erected one in Sparta.
Sean: In the other word, you are really a much-traveled man!
Anaximander: Yes. In fact, traveling is so interesting and useful.

Sean: Well, I am so glad chatting with you. But I have to go checking the time of the ball game right now! See you later.

Anaximander: Ok. Bye.


Epikuros (374-270 B.C.)

Sean: What is your name?

Epikuros: My name is Epikuros.

Sean: Who is your teacher?

Epikuros: My teacher is Nausiphanes.

Sean: Whose theory is your epistemology’s reference?

Epikuros: Plato and Aristotle.

Sean: In helenistic philosophy time, what’s the contribution you think that Epikurean have?

Epikuros: Moral science. Cosmic philosophy and epistemology.

Sean: Can you introduce the Stoicism?

Epikuros: 1) The stoic system.
2) Theory of knowledge.
3) Nature. Form and matter.
4) Nature and the world order.
5) Determinism and freedom.
6) Ethics.

Sean: In your opinion, what is the biggest well?

Epikuros: Pursuing the biggest happiness and blessedness.

Sean: What is death?

Epikuros: Death is nothing to us; for that which has been dissolved into its elements experiences no sensations, and that which has no sensation is nothing to us.

Sean: What is the history of Epicureanism and your school?

Epikuros: I helped lay the intellectual foundations for modern science and for secular individualism, with many aspects of my system still highly relevant some twenty-three centuries after they were first taught to my students at school in Athens, called “the Garden.

Sean: What is the most different viewpoint in your philosophy?

Epikuros: The most important thing in our life is that pursuing the biggest happiness and emphasize the happiness of the sense.

Sean: Can you explain the word “happiness?”

Epikuros: A life without disturbs.

Sean: What is the source of Epicureanism’s cosmology?

Epikuros: Atomism of Demokritos.

Mo Dee 哲一智 493032363 卓倩如

Mo Dee

Someday, I make an unforgettable dream. I saw a poor house in woods and there was a man taking chop at firewood. I asked what his name is. Oh my God! He is Mo Dee. We have a great time. I also asked him some questions.

Judy: My name is Judy. I major in Philosophy. When were you born?
Mo Dee: Hi, I am Mo Dee. I was born on 489B.C. I am 2494 years old this year. My
birth place is Shantung. I am good at doing goods by woods.

Judy: Could you introduce your hometown?
Mo Dee: There are a lot of mountains. It likes a big garden. And you can eat a famous food: steamed bun. You can come to there with friends. It must be an unforgettable memory.

Judy: What’s your favorite pastime?
Mo Dee: I can’t spend time on unmeaning thing. I have to do a lot of affairs, such as reading books and helping people.

Judy: Who is affected you the must?
Mo Dee: Maybe the person is Confucius. The thought of Confucius is very popular when I grew up. My ideas have closely relation between Confucius. I was born in a poor family, so my some ideas are different to his thought.

Judy: What is the background supporting your theory?
Mo Dee: We gave much fight in the time. All citizens live hard life, But the official are still luxury. The society is not in peace. So I propose some opinion.

Judy: What is your philosophy of life?
Mo Dee: I think my philosophy of life is “Yi”. It means we have to regard our country’s rise and fall as our works. We do everything that favor of nation; we don’t just get the salary. On the other hand, I make a point of practicing. It is important to do.

Jody: What kinds of work do you want to do?
Mo Dee: First, I will do my best to make a lot of money. Then, I want to set of a philanthropic organization. No matter where and when they need to rescue, I will be there.

Judy: You hope people in the world will not be in a distressful situation. I remember you are antiwar. What is your opinion of America attack Iraq before?
Mo Dee: Even if war can’t made a lot of people die and destroy historic building now. It is not beneficial to fight for America and Iraq. They have to spend a lot of money. America won the game. So what? I will do my best to prevent the war if I still live. I hope Iraq will be fine with the help of America.

Judy: Do you have proposal for political phenomenon?
Mo Dee: We have to observe the politician weather they have good achievement in their official career or not. They need to have wisdom and high EQ. They must try their best to finish everything that is good for citizens.

Judy: What thought do you have about revolution of education?
Mo Dee: We study hard because of our future, so we learn something that is useful for us forever. We attach importance to attitude of doing a deed and working. Our children have to learn how to solve question and how to face failure in school. They can do a lot of difficult challenge, and they always full of vitality. We have to make our children understand filial obedience, taking pleasure in helping people, making good habit, etc. They will want to learn every interesting thing.

Judy: How do you think about society phenomenon?
Mo Dee: Because of our high quality of life and technology, we become cold and indifferent. There is a lot of case about son killing their mother. The only way is love being in our heart. We have a passion for not only our family and friends but also strange people. And we have to severely punish people who kill and hurt somebody.

:
Judy: What is your refutation if someone critic your thinking?
Mo Dee: I grew up in a poor family. I have to overcome many problem of livelihood. I don’t need unnecessary ceremony. I am bearing in mind the interest of low level people. Out life is different to them. We also have different trouble to solve.

Judy: What do you think the weak economy?
Mo Dee: Be frugal. We will spend money on right thing. We have to take a habit of thrifty, especially the government official.

Judy: How to solve the unemployed problem?
Mo Dee: We will increase production. It is don’t enough to support consumption if we don’t work. The government can offer the opportunity by building the public facilities.

Judy: So, your opinion means we will give a birth as possible as we can. But now more and more people choose to get marry after thirty years old and don’t want to give birth. What is your opinion?
Mo Dee: That is not good to do that. The society will be aging of population in the future. We are short of physical labor. The economy will be weak after many years.

Judy: What do you think that there are a lot of program about ghost on TV?
Mo Dee: They exist with us. They don’t hurt anybody. In fact, ghosts have the ability to punish and award, too. No matter where and when you do illegal thing, they all know.

Judy: How to think that young people pursue the famous brand?
Mo Dee: We wear clothes for the sake of covering our body and being warm. We can donate more money to refugee around the world. We treasure thing we have and are willing to help people.

Judy: We can go to a lot of place to play, such as KTV, Movie Theater, etc. What do you think?
Mo Dee: I always think that it is unmeaning to spend time on pastime. But the day has changed; you gave to face more stress than me. You real need to take a rest on holiday. We don’t still cost much money to see movies and sing songs. We can go hiking.

Judy: What are your finally goal?
Mo Dee: I hope the world will become a big family. We don’t have war. We love and help each other. We can change our sources.

Judy: You have some opinion for college
Mo Dee: You have an affluent life. You are so lucky. Because of famous brand, you can make money with your body. We don’t wear costly clothes, shoes and leather bag. You must import information and knowledge in your mind as much as possible. You can search many things by using computer, and don’t just play games.

Wang Bea 哲一智 493032466 葉筱慈

Wang Bea

Here is a mysterious Taoist temple. In other to have an interview with Mr. Wang Bea, we ask a favor o f spirit medium here. This spirit medium doesn’t think that this thing let everyone of society disturb his live, so we are very sorry that we can’t talk any thing about here. But our special correspondent-Zoë will finish this assignment for you.

Zoë: Hello everyone, my name is Zoë. I feel honored that Mr. Wang Bea (王弼) would graft my interview form decedent’s country. Would you say hallo to all persons will read this interview, Mr. Wang Bea?

Wang Bea: Yes. Hello everybody. My name is Wang Bea, and I am always twenty-two years old. This is the great and interesting experience to me about this interview.

Zoë: I think some of people don’t know you very much. Could you introduce yourself simply?

Wang Bea: I was born in the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China. When I was a child, many persons consider that I am a genius because I am very smart in the way about China literature. I completed my first writing in my seventeenth year of my human life. My writing was recognized by some important men who study in mysterious doctrine and let me become a significant authoritative. Everyone in that time expected my growing, but I dead early. The heavy sick get my young live.

Zoë: When you study scholarship about China literature, who did affect you very much?

Wang Bea: The men who effect me very much are Lao-tse (老子) and Chuang-tzu (莊子). Their thinking and theories affected all learned men in the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China. In addition, Wang Xiang(王充) in the Eastern Han Dynasty also affected me very much. my good teacher nice friend-He Yan(何晏) help me in many ways.

Zoë: Could you talk about how did your teacher, He Yan, help you?

Wang Bea: Many people are jealous of someone who has better knowledge, but my teacher is different with them. He has great sentiment-to pardon and appreciate any gifted scholar. If l did not have his appreciation and promoting, I could not have achievement and get so good reputation when I was so young.

Zoë: You are the significant authoritative of mysterious doctrine in the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China. Could you talk about your doctrine of metaphysics?

Wan Bea: No problem. My doctrines of metaphysic contain three focal points. Foremost is about “What is the Nature?”, second is about “the Nature and the Confucian ethical code”, and third is about “the Nature and political”.

Zoë: What is “What is the Nature”? Is your “the Nature” the same with Lao-tse’s and Chuang-tzu’s?

Wang Bea: No, my “Nature” is different with Lao-tse’s and Chuang-tzu’s. Lao-tse’s “Nature” means “to follow the example of someone”. Human follows the example of ground, ground follows the example of manifestation of God’s will, and manifestation of God’s will follows the example of the nature law. The nature law is the Nature. Lao-tse also called the nature law to “the Way”(道). Chuang-tzu thought “the Nature is the way, and the way is the Nature” directly. I agree their thinking. But their “Nature” opposes every man-made thing that consisted of kind or good actions, my “Nature” objects to sham, example fishing for fame.

Zoë: Sorry…… I think I don’t know what you mean.

Wang Bea: That’s all right. My keynote about the Nature is “The nature law is the Nature”. What is the nature law? It is “don’t interfere anything”- let anything get free to develop. IN other words, “Nil is Nature”. Beside Lao-tse and Chuang-tzu, Wang Xiang also influenced me so much.

Zoë: Why?

Wang Bea: First at all, let me talk about Wang Xiang’s doctrine. I was not first man to project about these two thinking-” The nature law is the Nature” and “Nil is the Nature”. Wang Xiang regarded that producing of all thing on earth is nature- the nature law didn’t intervene all things’ developing. He didn’t approve providence had will. I also advocated so. As a matter of fact, our theories had many same contents.

Zoë: What is your different?

Wang Bea: Wang Xiang deemed the foundation of all things was the “Gas”, and anything’s happening is the accident. But I didn’t approve so-I though the foundation of all things was “Nil”. For one thing I denied the material world exists, for another thing the Nature and the Confucian ethical code has no clash with each other. Some later learned men think my sense about universe is a sheer fabrication outing of nothing and it is the opposite direction to Wang Xiang.


Zoë: You just refereed to Confucian ethical code. What the relation do they have?

Wang Bea: Confucian ethical code means the relation between the king and his ministers. From the Han Dynasty (206B.C.-A.D.220), beside pass the test, people who want to be the government officials could be recommend if they were a filial piety or honest men. But most of people who were elected were not real dutiful sons or white anted persons. Some men started to think the worth of Confucian school ethics. It was important question how to finish the crisis of the Confucian ethical code. In order to finish this, I want to find the power of Taoism, Lao-tse, and Chuang-tzu. Many men of learning in that time think the Nature and the Confucian ethical code could not be at the same time, so I also put forward to refute. The Confucian ethical code belongs to the Nature.

Zoë: How to use your “Nature” in political?

Wang Bea: In political, I also stand for “Nil is Nature”. King is only one person, but he has many people of his nation. It is impassable to control everyone by himself. He want King let his people develop freely, and his people will bring into play their inborn ability. To live together peacefully can get peace reigns over the land.

Zoë: Would you speak on us about philosophy of persons’ life with your proposition?

Wang Bea: Go with the Nature and disclaim all achievements. Don’t rely on your petty trick and indulge your desire. People will lose their pure inherent quality if they keep artificial efforts. We must hold our heart like the innocent heart of a child to save from damage. The most important things are to make your home, be the man of consider able culture, and far away any dangerous.

Zoë: Did you be as good as your words when you still live in that time?

Wang Bea: I think I must be honest to tell you: I didn’t. So many later scholars consider that I speak one way and think another. Have they though about one thing?-my live is very short. If I have more live, I must achieve my thinks.

Zoë: Do you know what appraise your theory get form later?

Wang Bea: Beside that I just said, some later scholars of history regard my theory bring a big bad effecting. A lot of intellectuals in that time were completely informal and consider their actions were my “Nature”. Nobody cared about politics, military affairs, and people’s livelihood. All day they were regaling with wine and told about vague and general opinions. Let the Northern and Southern Dynasties want to feeble and die.

Zoë: Could I ask you about your thinking about the later scholars’ appraise to you?

Wang Bea: That is real not my duty! Those intellectuals doglegged my thinking to try to escape reality, but that were no any relation with me!

Zoë: Please don’t excite, this table isn’t bear your pat……

Wang Bea: I am sorry very much, but I am angry when I recall this thing. My theory doesn’t wreck the country and bring ruin to the people, because my real intention is to change hypocritical current tendencies.

Zoë: Although some scholars gave you bad appraise, they also give your theory with best evaluate. All of they think your doctrine is a great and important breakthrough in the China ideological understanding.

Wang Bea: At long last, they talk some words about me with their conscience.

Zoë: Would you publish your thinking about today modern society?

Wang Bea: Today, more and more people use false mask to get long with each other. Although you have more and more convenient live, your heart also gets more and more lonesome. You have to reference my theory to chance this phenomenon.

Zoe: Your thinking is a milepost of China philosophy. Thank you very much.

Wang Bea: You are welcome. Thanks.

Zhu Xi 哲一智 493032246 陳立翰

Zhu Xi

Hello everybody! My name is Tony. One day, I step into the time machine without any notice. In this travel, I returned to the Song Dynasty. Thereupon I went to visit Zhu Xi.
On the way I visited Zhu Xi, the weather is good. He was reading the book in a study and I was watching him though the window in the same time. He saw me and asked me to sit down and talk to him face-to-face. Then we started our conversation.

Tony: What is the meaning of “Primal chaos” in your theory?
Zhu Xi: It is natural law or rule and principle of the universe – the movement between masculine and feminine – Yi Yong.
Tony: What is your main idea in your philosophy theory?
Zhu Xi: My specialty is detailed analysis in concept and meticulous logical ponder.
Tony: What is the center in your theory?
Zhu Xi: The center of my theory is about the relationship between “Heart” and”Human nature”.
Tony: Who is your natural universe theories inherit from?
Zhu Xi: Mainly I learn this theory of Dong Jhong Shu’s theory.
Tony: What is your opinion about principle of people?
Zhu Xi: I think that the principle of people have two systems, it consist of “nature system”and “morals system”. This two systems influence in my life.
Tony: Who is your theory’s inherited from?
Zhu Xi: I inherit from Cheng Yei.
Tony: What is the difference between your theory and Cheng Yei’s?
Zhu Xi: Cheng Yei’s is rationalism, so he is against the experience’s status and function. But in my opinion, experience is very important so I take it.
Tony: Do you believe god?
Zhu Xi: Yes! And I also believe Gods and ghosts, and the strange event make by them, I think our”heart” can induce it.
Tony: What is the basic concept in your 天人合一 theory?
Zhu Xi: The basic concept in my 天人合一 theory is “Le” and ”Chi”.
Tony: What is “Lie”?
Zhu Xi:”Lie” are the natural law in the tendency and development in our universe.
Tony: What is “Investigates thoroughly”?
Zhu Xi: “Investigates thoroughly” is really the understanding, truth and knowledge of the reality does. Therefore the standard may enhance the human’s moral standard. After you get the meaning, you may transcend to the mortal world.
Tony: What is the target” Investigates thoroughly”?
Zhu Xi: Investigates thoroughly, the target is not the knowledge. It is the experience, the truth of treating people.
Tony: What is the difference between “Nature of the destiny” and “nature of the makings”?
Zhu Xi: Nature of the destiny is congenital; nature of the makings will be acquired in the life. The nature of human is friendly, but we will have evil mind which acquired in the life.
Tony: What is the connotation of “Le”?
Zhu Xi: It is equal to “Kind heart”,“Just” ,“Politeness” ,“Wisdom”.
Tony: What is “明明德”?
Zhu Xi: It is the understanding in the good morals.
Tony: What is “morals”?
Zhu Xi: Morals - I have two ideas. First, it is “After doing something good. We can obtain the promotion in our mind. Second, it is
“You obtain the truth by yourself”.
Tony: What is “Realized”?
Zhu Xi: “Realized” is “You understand a truth by one flash in the heart.”
Tony: What is use about” Investigates thoroughly”?
Zhu Xi: the idea of Investigates thoroughly is that you must give up your desire and make use of the natural justice in your heart.
Tony: What is 格物窮理?
Zhu Xi:”格物窮理.” refers to investigates thoroughly principle of the every objective things.
Tony: What is” heart”?
Zhu Xi: Mainly, it’s the “Will of the people” and “conscience” “Heart of the moral”.

After yours illustration, I learn more about your philosophy, I hope I will still have chance to converse with you. Good bye!

Leibniz & Scelling 哲學一智 493032416 潘彥竹

A Strange of My Spring Vacation

During my spring vacation, I bivouacked with my family. In the afternoon, I walked alone the river by my lonesome. Looked at the beautiful sky, the greensward and I enjoyed the forest spa. I thought, Leibniz said, everything in macrocosm is made by atom, include, the sky, the forest, the sward and me. How magical! Then, I walked a long distance gradually.
“That a trouble! I seem away off my tentage and I thirst!” When I thought what should I do, I saw an isba and there were some words,” For those philosophers who never pass away.” And there were some small words under side,” Whether you are thirst, want to take a rest or have any doubt, welcome to my room. There always prepare the coffee for you.” I nosed coffee and muffin fragrance, so I can’t but into there.
There were few people inside and sputtered together. I saw a man sit against the window whom I seem have seen before, so I went there and sat next him.
“Hi! Nice to meet you. Did we meet before? I think you are so familiar.” I said.
“Well, God is giant. The world made by atom, and God is apocalyptic inner man.” He said.
“Oh! I know. You are Leibniz. That great! I have some problem want to ask you for long time.” I said, and I felt inconceivable.
“Ok, it’s my pleasure.” Leibniz said.

Claire: I had read a little your doctrine; can you tell me some about you?
Leibniz: Because of I am a diplomat and contact with many countries of Europe, so my concept is diverse and finding the balance between the antinomy and the polarization. I appreciate eastern philosophy and accomplished a China philosophy author by French.

Claire: Well, What is the theory of atom? Just now, I thought about it.
Leibniz: The macrocosm is made by atom, account of it is the immortal unit, and it can’t divorce, but the corporality has tractility and the corporality staked out a place that can be divorced, atom has no tractility and materiality. Come down to bedrock, the essence and the power compose of the atom, in the other word, God create the world. You see?

Claire: I see. And I had heard about methodology, can you decipher it for me?
Leibniz: First, I mention Harmony: The world seem conflicting and antinomy, in fact, it is just a branch of the big wisdom. So he wants to settlement the encyclopedia.
Second, Symbolic logic: In order to accept the opinions of each other, you must have the implement of communication. It seem difficult to you.

Claire: That’s right. I have some indigestion, but that okay. Then what is the theory of instruction?
Leibniz: To made the truth deoxygenate and generalize. It has two sorts. One is “Truth of Reason.” Another one is “Truth of Fact.”

Claire: Then, what is the theory of abstraction?
Leibniz: The abstraction of pluralism, the macrocosm of bedrock is made by the most immortal unit.

Claire: And what is innate idea?
Leibniz: Get before the experience and it is the truth of pleternities. For example, math and the logic notion.

Claire: What is the big law? I remember it is the fundament of macrocosm based on it.
Leibniz: It has six sorts:
The first is “the Principle of Sufficient Reason.” And the second is “the Principle of Identity.” The third is ”the Principle of Perfection.” The fourth is “the Principle of the Identity of Indisconnibles.” The fifth is “The Principle of Continuity.” And the least is “the Principle of Pre-established Harmony.”

Claire: How is immaterial atom that is the fundament of the material world?
Leibniz: The material staked out a place and can’t intrude. One is “The First res.” The force of passivity. The signalment of the most germinal material. Another one is “The Second res.” The active force. A power that can change formation else.

Claire: For Monotheism, if God is all beginning, where is evil?
Leibniz: There three type. The evil of abstraction and the evil of body. Finally is the ethics of evil.

Claire: Al right, it’s really let me know more. The next question, why being but nothingness?
Leibniz: By simple principle, nothing is simpler than something, so it is the reason why God created the world.

Claire: I remember that you have held up two edifices, can you talk about them?
Leibniz: Ok. The one is optimism; keep orthodoxy, aeriality and superficiality. The second is abstract, method is self-consistent, and there is the logic.

Claire: Talk about this. What kind of Philosophy idea that affected you in Paris?
Leibniz: I have be affected by R'ene Descartes and the materialism of Car Sandi.

Claire: Would you talk about the tractility of your cognizance?
Leibniz: The tractility isn’t a kind of an entity. The mean of the tractility is “pluralism”, which is consisted of many entities. I believe that there are boundless entities, and I named them “atom”.

Claire: I know you regard Descartes very much. What doctrine did your circularize after accepted his doctrine?
Leibniz: I thought of that any two atom didn’t have causation. Didn’t mind “Dynamics”, just noticed about consciousness. I alleged that any atom reflected the cosmos, because I god give its a habitude. A change of an atom and the other atom is called “connate accord”.

Claire: How did you define “connate accord”?
Leibniz: Some people thought of that “connate accord” is too bizarre to believe. I thought of that argued the existence of the god. All atom consisted a system, and some atoms of them can reflected the cosmos clearly. All atom represent blur, and the extensity followed the degree of atom.

Claire: Then, can you expression the “the same of the thing we didn’t see”?
Leibniz: Of course I can. Every foothold is occupied by only one atom. It’s impossible that two atom are same.

Claire: What consideration did you have was same with Thomas Argue?
Leibniz: I thought of that the god can’t do something contravene logic, but the god can do anything if it conform logic.

Claire: What four argumentation did you have to prove that the being of the god?
Leibniz: The first is the argumentation of entity. The second is the argumentation of cosmos. The third is the argumentation of everlasting truth. The last is the argumentation of connate accord.

Claire: By the way, can you express the “The argumentation of entity”?
Leibniz: Any people and anything are real, and they have some habitudes, that cause the essence. But they are not real just because their essence to any entity. I define “have”, it has a fare-thee-well. So “have” is perfect, and real is listed of “have”.

Claire: The final question. Please express the “The argumentation of cosmos”, thanks.
Leibniz: The argumentation of cosmos is better than the argumentation of entity. It is one kind of argumentation of first reason. I thought of that anything is accidental, maybe they were not real. We can use this argumentation for cosmos. I thought that anything of cosmos have reason for being, and these reasons we called “the god”.

“It’s time to go, Miss.” Leibniz said.
“All right. I really happy to talk about philosophy with you.” I said.
“Me, too. Bye.
“Bye.”

After Leibniz left, I still enjoyed my coffee.
Suddenly, a man was sat down in front of me. And he said:
“Hello, Miss, how are you today?”
“Fine, thanks. Did we know?”
“Sure, in the next moment, we will be friends. My name is Schelling, I am a philosopher.”
“You are Schelling? That’s great, I have many problem in philosophy. Can I ask you?”
“Sure, just do it.” Schelling said.

Claire: What is your three parts of argumentation?
Schelling: My major is that find the essentiality of absolute fare-thee-well in myself. And the minor is that to be is the perfection. Then consequent is that the being includes the essentiality of absolute fare-thee-well.

Claire: I understand now. And what are your four doctrines?
Schelling: The first is Naturphilosophie. The second is Transcendental–philosophies. The third is Identitat-sphilosophie. The last is Ethicphilosophie.

Claire: Well, and what faults did you think that Descartes made when he analogizing?
Schelling: Plus in conclusion quam fuerat in praemissis

Claire: What two propositions did you sort out in argumentation of logic?
Schelling: The one is that the argumentation of assumption. (If God is, God is infallibly.) The other one is that the argumentation of affirmation. (God is infallibly.)

Claire: What concept did you construe Kant’s comment?
Schelling: The ens is a predicative but das-was-ist is all concept of concept.

Claire: Then, what did the essence of exist infallibly?
Schelling: Naught is impossible, and the essence of inevitability is blind, in the other word, das blinde Seyende.

Claire: I think so. Then, why did you dictate ens to no proleptic so that compartmentalizes two philosophies?
Schelling: The essence of consequent ens. The conception has some distance to the God essence. Implicate the nature of God, and the nature esteems das schlechthin Seyende.

Claire: How did you delineate God in the rule of “God is the possession of being”?
Schelling: God is the possession of being and being. (Herr des Seyns and Seyn.)

Claire: What did you emphasize in the association of negativphilosophie?
Schelling: The first is the highest essence. The second is the consequential ens.

Claire: The final question. What the association between these two?
Schelling: The highest ens, if it exist, it can only be the aforehand ens, so it should be a consequential ens.

“Today is my lucky day, I run into Leibniz and Schelling. It’s a fortunate thing.”
“Ha, if I can help you, it’s my pleasure. Time is late, I need to go now.” Schelling said.
“Ok, nice to meet you. Bye!” I said.
“Bye” Schelling said.

Parmenides 哲學一愛 493031101 薛鈞豪

One day ,I’m sleeping in Albert’s class. I dream a man talking with me.

1 Rock: What is your name ?

Parmenides: My name is Parmenides .

2 Rock: Who are the one influence most of you?

Parmenides: Xenophanes is my teacher. “Hen” “Immutable” is from him in my theory.
And other one affect me is Pythagoras. I believe the“transmigration” he said. I also live in diligent life to fallow him and his team .

3 Rock: Where were you born?

Parmenides: Elea .I am the philsopher of Eleatics .I born in noble family with rich life. In time of 96th sport meet, it is my high peak. I made law for Elea so let the town become happy and rich

4 Rock: When is your time ?

Parmenides; 540-470 B.C.

5 Rock: Please talk about your theory.

Parmenides: I had said ”being is being, not being is not being.”

6 Rock : Then what is being ?

Parmenides: Thinking is being and the same, being is thinking. Except thing of to come round ,there are no being . All the being should be straighten out our thinking


7 Rock: Please talk about your cosmology.

Parmenides: My cosmology is dulism. There are world of ideal and world of sense perception. World of Ideal is mirage. World of sense perception is the real

8 Rock: Why do you think so ?

Parmenides: Because I can’t think trough about world of sense perception, it’s mirage.

9 Rock: Why you think obstructed?

Parmenides: “ Laws of identity” ”laws of contradiction” ”laws of excluded middle” is our basic rule of thinking .In world of sense perception , one thing can become to the other. I can’t accept the thing , so I think obstructed.

10 Rock: Finally do you think your theory will be accept for later generation?

Parmenides: It is no mean to later generation to accept me , but “being is being” is not to change forever.
11 Rock: Please, tell me why you show up in front of me?

Parmenides: Well, I see you in the dream now.

12 Rock: Can you tell me what kind of girls you are interesting?

Parmenides: Sorry. I don’t like boy, and I am a gay. Well, it’s pretty normal for people like me in that time. I love the muscle guy very much.

13 Rock: Do you use computer often?

Parmenides: What is that? Never heard of it.

15 Rock: Do you believe the world be round ?

Parmenides: I can’t believe. Isn’t the world level??

16 Rock: Can you speak English?

Parmenides: No ,I can’t .I just speak language of Greece.

17 Rock: Are you a normal people?

A Parmenides: Of cause!!

18 Rock:What is the human being?

A Parmenides: The human being is the human being.

19 Rock: Why do you named Parmenides?

A Parmenides: Because my mother named me .

21 Parmenides: Why do you want talk with me?

Rock : Because that’s my English homework.

22 Parmenides: Can I leave here?

Rock: OK, bye bye~ see you~~.

I wake up ………..

Pythagoras 哲一智 493032284 陳澤婷

Pythagoras

One day Tina was traveling on the street, and she ran into Pythagoras then they started a conversation.

Tina: How do you do Mr. Pythagoras?
Pythagoras: Not bad! I am living in a holy world!
Tina: May I ask you some questions?
Pythagoras: Sure! Of course you can!

Tina: Where were you born? Where did your scholarly thoughts grow?
Pythagoras: I was born in the Samos Island . I was the person of Ionien, but my thoughts were grown at Croton on the southern coast of Italy. So most of what you know is based on the writings of my later disciples.

Tina: Did you have ever studied from any teacher?
Pythagoras: Uh ~ I have even studied from Thales. I left from my home to his hometown ~ Miletus, being appreciated him to teach me lots of mathematical knowledge.

Tina: What was your teacher’s thought?
Pythagoras: He said “Water is the source of everything, and the earth is based on water, and everything has a soul.”

Transmigration of souls

Tina: If it could, do you want to live in the world longer than you do it?
Pythagoras: Actually, I wish I could stay in the world shorter than I did because I consider our bodies as jails. And our souls were poisoned by it.

Tina: How to solve “soul”?
Pythagoras: We have to make the sensational experiences not to affect us in order to achieve a happy world as possible as we could.

Orphic Mysteries

Tina: I heard you constructed a mysterious organization, could you introduce it?
Pythagoras: Actually, I can’t tell you details because you’re not our members! What I can say is all of us have to abide by strict rules, but what we research can’t be revealed except our members.

Tina: Could you say something about your rules?
Pythagoras: Alright! We prohibit from eating leguminous food, walking on the artery, and sitting on the container. Tina: I have heard that as entering your organization, the person must say some words?
Pythagoras: Oh! Yes, it is true! I ask them not to divulge any discovery concerning mathematics.

Tina: Why don’t you eat meat? Do you go on a diet?
Pythagoras: Of course not! I suppose everybody has a soul, including of animals. Perhaps, you eat the meat in which your friends’ souls live! Tina: Why do you think so? Pythagoras: One day I saw a dog that was beaten, and I realized the soul of it was my friend by its sob!

Tina: What is the “purify” by your definition?
Pythagoras: People who can cast off bodies is “purify”, the “purify” was a kind of soul purify! We have to do that by “music” and “sport”! Soul identifies harmony!

Tina: Are you the man who has the most intelligence?
Pythagoras: No, I just Philo-sophia that is mend love the wisdom. Tina: Do you know what? Pythagoras: what? Tina: Nowadays, people are regarding it as philosophy!

Tina: How many kinds of people do you distinguish?
Pythagoras: I distinguished people into three kinds: First the people love money. Ex: peddlers. Second the people love reputation. Ex: The man takes part in match. Third the people love wisdom or theory. The last kind of people can obtain happiness.

Tina: Why can we purify soul by music?
Pythagoras: The number interacts with the number in music was harmony and soul identifying harmony.

Tina: What do you realize the essence of world?
Pythagoras: The essence of world is “figure”. There is a very important relation with “music”, and it has perfect distance with “harmony”! The figure combined with each other was holy!

Tina: Why the essence of world is “figure”?
Pythagoras: Because everything is countable, “1” is point,”2” is line, “3” is plane, “4” is solid and “10” is perfect figure. “10” is the total of them.

Tina: Why singular and even number is opponent?
Pythagoras: Everything has two opposite things integrated effect also were the persa and apeiron. Tina: Do you still have any other concert expect it?
Pythagoras: Uh~ I think singular is kind and even number is evil.

Tina: What is the center in the cosmos?
Pythagoras: “Fire”. Other celestials all surrounding the “Fire’ and orbiting in it.

Tina: What is “Fire”?
Pythagoras: I and my disciples don’t see the earth as round and view the earth as not center of the cosmos. The earth, planets and sun all surround the “Fire” orbiting.

Tina: What is your disciple-Alcamaeon of Croton’s thoughts?
Pythagoras: He thinks harmony identifies health, figure’s proportion is stable, stability identifies science, and disease identifies unharmonious

Tina: Why harmony identifies health?
Pythagoras: Because he was a doctor and he discover brain can control everything’s thoughts as to regard brain as the center of thoughts.

Tina: How about your disciple-Io of chios?
Pythagoras: He considers “3” as the most presidential figure in the world; “3” represents a kind of stabilization.

Tina: Thank you for answering! Nice to talk to you!
Pythagoras: Me too, I’m glad to chat with you!

David Sun 廣告四 490130695 金正和

“MR . BIG” in Advertising—David Sun


Mr . David , graduated from Deparment of Mass Communication in Fu Jen Catholic University.

Right now , he is the consultant of Van-TAI International Corporation (汎太國際股份有限公司) and also the manager of Si-heng , Zhang cultural fundation (張思恆文教基金會) and he is one of the board of directors in the Shang hai Wei Tai Advertising Company. (上海偉太廣告公司) .

This person worked at The Ogilvy Centre before and he is very creative in the advertising area and he also runs lots of famous TV programs .

1) Miss kim: In your opinion , what is advertising ? Could you give us your expression describing the definition of advertising ?

David Sun :I think advertising reflects a real life .Not only let us a
way to know the product , but also give us a viewpoint to realize the
product .

2) Miss kim: Could you tell us how to think creatively ?

David Sun :At its most basic level , creativity equals to problem
solving. It’s almost impossible to be creative unless you are solving
a problem that affects you, your customers or a large pool of
potential customers. Finding solutions to problems is the heart and
soul of the creative process.

There are three easy ways to be more creative .

A) Observe the world around you :and try to visualize how things
work in the natual world.

B) Listen carefully and deliberately : to what others are trying to tell
you. Even an offhand comment can provide a spark for a great
creative idea.

C) Take notes : to preserve your thoughts for later polishing and
improving, or to capture a flash of inspiration.

3) Miss kim: And any thinking tools ?

David Sun :I would like to let you guys know the way “180_
Thinking” .

180_ Thinking means to think the exact opposite of what
conventional wisdom would suggest. In other word , for every
situation where the tried and proven method is to go one way, you
go the diametric opposite and see where that line of thought takes
you.The emphasis here is on original thinking rather than following
the crowd.Most worthwhile creative ideas buck the conventional
wisdom at some stage in their conception or execution. They add an
original twist and end up somewhere completely and refreshingly
useful.

4) ) Miss kim:To be a good worker in advertising , could you tell
our young people what have to prepare ?

David Sun :
First ,you must have courage to dream .

Second , you must be a dream maker .

Finally , you have to realize them bravely .

5) Miss kim:In your advertising career , is there any value
supporting you always ?

David Sun :I like the words：「Just do it！」.Just like you jump
into a pool , you don’t have to wonder swimming or not . Just keep
stranght on swimming .

「In a frequent crossroad , you must choose the road you never walk before . 」That’s always supporting me .

6) Miss kim:Have you ever make any advertising of internet ?

David Sun :In fact , I can’t use internet anymore . Because I think
it wastes too much time and let people be lost in it . But , I direct
my workmate to help me . I have a lot of interests , so I don’t have
the desire to get online .I am afraid of to be lost in internet .I don’t
use mobile-phone, either . But if you are a freshman in business ,
you can’t be this way .

7) Miss kim:Is there any kind of industry you prefer to do
advertising after you have experienced so much various
customers ?

David Sun :Actually , I don’t have any preferring . In the
beginning , all kind of products I like to accept out of curiosity .
Then , what AE(assistant executive) demands I also accept . Of
course , now I can choose customers by myself . Some products
without humanity or some I don’t want to let my family watch I
wouldn’t like to do . I like to do advertising contacting with people
directly . I don’t like to join the case about electron or technology .
So , if there is a product about eating , drinking or playing , I would
like to accept even without money .

8) Miss kim:How do you face difficult problems in business or
life ?

David Sun :It will be bored if there isn’t having difficult problems .
The creativity always starts on a situation to face and solve difficult
problems . It’s the energy of creativity . In other words , when you
seems to be without any problem , you have to search a problem .
Difficult problems let me excited . SO , I like to face the problem ,
even creating a problem .

9) Miss kim:With a long long work time , how an adman do
everything well both family and business included ?

David Sun :Take youe time efficiently and believe yourself . If you
want to do both well , you can do well . Just like the slogan : 「Trust yourself , you can make it !」

10) Miss kim:Do you have any truth wanting to tell to people
who want to do advertising ?

David Sun :Working on advertising , you don’t have to read too
many books . If you read a bad book , you do things like that . That
sucks . Just do it !The important point is to do . Of course , before
doing you have to think clearly .Then , go for it . Make a time line
and a final goal . Always remember your ambition and passion .
And thinking creativity is the only way to make things better, but it
cuts both way.You must think and act creativity to move ahead, but
if you get it wrong, that will become obvious very quickly.

Hui-nun 哲學一智 493032521 戴子翔

Hello~everybody!My name is Ben.Today is a good day. I want to visit a important man for China's Buddhism. He is Hui-nun(慧能).

Ben:How are you,master?
Hui-nun:Fine,thank you.
Ben:Well,master.I am a Fu jen catholic university’s student.I major in philosophy.I have some question.Can I…
Hui-nun:OK!OK!Come on.Don’t be shy.
Ben: Thanks.

Ben:Could you introduce yourself?
Hui-nun:My first name is Lu. I was born in Hebei. I am the sixth generation master of Zen(禪宗). I learned Buddhist doctrine with Hung-Jen(弘忍) who is the most popular teacher in buddhish at that time. At first I am not a monk. In fact, I am a worker….

Ben:What is the most important thing in your life?
Hui-nun:When I went to find my teacher(means 弘忍) . He asks me :Where do you come from? And what things you want? (汝何方人﹖欲求何物﹖) I answer him that I come from Heibei, I want to be a Buddha(佛…). (弟子是嶺南新州百姓，遠來禮祖惟求作佛，不求餘物。)When he herd my asking. He asked me: You lived in Heibei…you couldn't be Buddha. (嶺南獦獠若為堪作佛?) Because Heibei's Buddhism is not popular in that time. But I don’t give up. People have area’s difference, but buddhish doesn’t have.( 人有南北，佛性豈有南北﹖獦獠身與和尚不同，佛性有何差別﹖) At that time, my life was different.

Ben:How do you become the sixth generation master of Zen?
Hui-nun: It has been eight month since I work for Hung-Jen. In one day, he asked us to give him a poet. His big disciple (Shen-Hsiu神秀) wrote one that is “ I was in the bodhi tree, My heart was like the mirror , Wiping it all the time, Don’t make it dirty.” (身是菩提樹，心如明鏡台，時時勤拂拭，莫使有塵埃。) But I don’t approval his parlance. I thought “Bodhi is not a tree, My heart is not a mirror , There are nothing, So it doesn’t become dirty.”(菩提本無樹，明鏡亦非臺，本來無一物，何使惹塵埃。) So Hung-Jen appoints me to be the sixth generation master of Zen.

Ben:What are you doing after you becoming the sixth generation of Zen?
Hui-nun: I lived in the mountains for 15 years. Because I am in dangerous under the condition. So I choice to evade. In 676, I met Ying-Tsung 印宗 at Guangzhou. I baptized by him. At that time, I become a real monk.

Ben: Do you have regrets?
Hui-nun: Of course. The most biggest regret in my life is that I am a illiteracy. So I can’t read classic. But it also symbols illiteracy could achieve wisdom.

Ben:Have you ever been a special thing after you be the sixth generation master of Zen?
Hui-nun: Oh…yes! When I was in Guangzhou. I met two guys. They are discussion when the wind blew a flag. The one thought that is wind making it sport. The other thought that is flag is sporting. (二僧論風幡義，一曰風動，一曰幡動，議論不已) I tell them that are not wind and flag are sporting, it is your heart.( 不是風動，不是幡動，仁者心動)

Ben: What is buddhish?
Hui-nun: Fa-Hai(法海) ask me that “heart is god?"( 即心即佛，願垂指諭﹗)I answer him that “when you don’t think the first thing that is heart. And the thinking doesn’t appear is god. Doing everything is heart. Leaving everything is god. If I tell you everything, you will get troubles. ” (前念不生即心，後念不滅即佛。成一切相即心，離一切相即佛。吾若具說，窮劫不盡。)

Ben:How do you think about Huai-Jang(懷讓禪師)?
Hui-nun: When he visit me, I ask him" The creation how to produce?” (什麼物恁麼來﹖) It says “it’s not like a thing.”(說似一物即不中。)he said. I ask him “Could you provide it?” (還可修證否?) 修證即不無，污染即不得he said. I tell him that即此不污染，諸佛之所護念，汝既如是，吾亦如
是。He knows what I say.

Ben:How do you think Fang-Pien(方辯)?
Hui-nun:When I teach buddish 40 years. My student want to make a tower for requiting favors.方辯visit me said he is good in carving. (善捏塑) I told him trying to do. (試塑看) And I told him that “You are good in carving, but you don’t know buddish.” (汝善塑性，不善佛性)

Ben:In the end, what do you want to tell us?
Hui-nun: No. Oh, only one thing. You are very bother.


Nnnnn…… Thanks……

Karl Marx 哲學一愛 493031486 巫偉誠

Karl Marx

Karl Marx is not only a philosopher , but also a revolutionist . His friend - Friedrich Engels ( 恩格斯 ) had ever said that Marx is “ before all else a revolutionist “ by Marx’s tomb . He was a German , and born in a Jew bourgeois family . He became a communist during 1845~1847 , and then joined “ The International Working Men’s Association ( 第一國際 ) “ with Friedrich Engels , and became the party’s leader later .
Today , we invite him come here to have a dialogue with us . In this conversation , we will get more recognition about Karl Marx and his theory .

Gino : Hi , Marx . I am Gino . We admire your name for a long time . It is a great honor to have a conversation with you today . Can you say hello to everybody ?
Marx : Hello everyone , I am Karl Marx .
Gino : Marx , why did you provide your theory ? Can you introduce some about that to us ?
Marx : I consider that whole human history is just a classes struggle history , and I call my thought means “ dialectical materialism “ . I adopt Hegel’s ( 黑格爾 ) dialectic , but I just emphasize three aspects – feudalism , capitalism , and socialism . Hegel looked races as media of communicating dialectic activity , however , I change races into classes . I think that socialism or wage-labor’s position isn’t base on morals or humanism . Instead , I expect socialism . It goes without saying that all dialectic activities represent “ progress . “ I believed that finish of socialism will bring more well-being to human than feudalism or capitalism .
Gino : What is determinism ? Please explain it for us ?
Marx : I think that Human are producers of their conceptions and ideas , real and active when they are conditioned by a definite development of their production and the intercourse corresponding to them . Morality , religion , and metaphysics ( 形上學 ) , all remaining things of ideology and their corresponding forms of consciousness are no longer retain the semblance of independence . They don’t have history and development , but only men kept developing their material production and material intercourse , therefore they are real existence , they think and produce thinking . I think “ Life is not determined by consciousness, but consciousness by life . “
Gino : What’s your thought about the ruling ideas of ruling class ?
Marx : I consider that the ideas of the ruling class in every epoch is always ruling ideas . In other words , the class is the ruling material force of society , at the same time is its ruling clever force . Another new class replace the old class , is compelled to represent its interest as the common interest of all the members of society .
Gino : Then , what role do you think bourgeoisie play in society ?
Marx : The bourgeois has played a most revolutionary part , because they have plenty of capital , along with social status . It has converted the physician, the lawyer, the priest, the poet, the man of science, into its paid wage-laborers.
Gino : What’s your definition about “ wage-labor ? “
Marx : People who work for wages , or workers considered as a group .
Gino : Then , why do you think bourgeoisie overthrow ?
Marx : The productive forces of society no longer tend to further the development of the bourgeois property ; On the contrary , they have become too powerful for these conditions , and bring chaos into the whole bourgeois society, endanger the existence of bourgeois property . The essential condition for the existence and the sway of the bourgeois class, is the formation and argumentation of capital . Wage-labor continues exclusively on competition among the laborers. These involuntary promoter-bourgeoisie leads to the advance of industry , and replace the laborers , due to competition , they associate . I think that “ the bourgeoisie , therefore , produces above all, is its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable . “
Gino : Can you tell us the base and superstructure of your theory ?
Marx : The whole relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society , the real foundation arise a legal and political superstructure and correspond definite forms of social consciousness . It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being , on the contrary , their social being that determines their consciousness .
Gino : About Wage-Labor and Capital . What do you think ?
Marx : It seem that the gather of capital comes from the difference of wage-labor ‘s pay and the price of productions , I name it “ surplus value ( 剩餘價值 ) . “ These surplus value can apply capitalists to buy more materials or wage-labors .
Gino : If we want to know you in advance , where can we get such information ?
Marx : I think you can find my writing of book---- “ German Ideology “ , “ Communist Manifesto “ , “ Capital “ , “ Grundrisse “ from the library or type the keyword into your internet search engine “ Google . “ and you will find more about me and my theory .
Gino : Oh , thank you , Mr. Marx .
Marx : Ha Ha … you are welcome . It’s my pleasure , too .

Hume 哲學一智 493032296 周子維

David Hume

David Hume was born in 1711 to a moderately wealthy family from Scotland, near Edinburgh. His background was politically Whiggish and religiously Calvinistic. His widowed mother educated Hume until he left for the University of Edinburgh at the age of eleven.
Leaving the University of Edinburgh at around age fifteen to pursue his education privately, he was encouraged to consider a career in law, but his interests turned to philosophy.

In 1741 and 1742 Hume published his two-volume Essays, Moral and Political.
In 1748 he added to the above collection an essay titled "Of National Characters.
In 1751 Hume published his Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, which recasts in a very different form parts of Book III of his Treatise.
In 1756 a volume of Hume's essays titled Five Dissertations was printed and ready for distribution. The essays included (1) "The Natural History of Religion," (2) "Of the Passions," (3) "Of Tragedy," (4) "Of Suicide," and (5) "Of the Immortality of the Soul.
In 1776, at age 65, he died from an internal disorder, which had plagued him for many months.

1 Gary: Please introduce your background.
David Hume: I was born in 1711 to a moderately wealthy family from Scotland, near Edinburgh.
2 Gary: How many books do you have?
David Hume: There are too many books. I forget it. But Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Enquiry Concerning the Principle of Morals, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion is the most important.
3 Gary: Why are you ancestor of the empiricism?
David Hume: Because of my conformity predecessor's theory.
4 Gary: What the influence of philosophy to human?
David Hume: Philosophy is not only origin of all knowledge but also can make our thoughts more mature.

5 Gary: Why do you study philosophy?
David Hume: Because philosophy can help us know the world and solve many problems.
6 Gary: What your opinion to religion?
David Hume: I think we can use it to improve our society. If a religion cannot approach the purpose, it’s not meaningful.
7 Gary: What your opinion to ethics?
David Hume: I think justice is the foundation of ethics. Justice not only human’s nature idea, but also the lowest standard for making a law.
8 Gary: What the contents in your epistemology?
David Hume: I have three rules in my epistemology: resemblance, continuity, causality.
9 Gary: What is Neo-Positivism?
David Hume: I think experiences are the foundation of knowledge only when a theory can be proved by experience. It’s true.

10 David Hume: Why do you choose me for the homework?
Gary: Because you influence is huge not only people at your time was effected but also people today.

Baruch Spinoza哲學一智 493032143 李育綸

Baruch Spinoza(1632~1677)

He was born in Netherlands. He learned theology, and theology effect him a lot. Then he gradually accept ideology of Descartes. His standpoint is already different the theology. And he study some ideas of Platon. These philosophers effect the Spinoza very much.

Q1: Your important ideas?
A1: The first idea is “to assure the safety of yourself”. And the second is “face any thing in broad”. The third is “people are a substance is God”.

Q2.What is “to assure the safety of yourself”?
A2: It is mean all the person must to protect his life. Life is a very important essential. We must have our life and can to do any things in future. So I say “to assure the safety of yourself”

Q3: What is “face any thing in broad”?
A3: It is means when we face any things that maybe make you sad or happy. Those are not important. Why? Because if we all can not death, and we have no time. We will cannot to care these things.

Q4: what is “people are a substance is God”.
A4: Because the substance is substance. And all the people just a thing. And the God include everything. So we all are the one. Everything all are one.

Q5: There are many writings?
A5: Oh! The one is “Renati Des Principia philosophica, 1663”and “Tractaus Theologico-Politicus,1670”and “Ethica ordine geometrico demonstrate,1677”.

Q6: What about your ethics?
A6: We all the children of God, so we just use our power to deal with other people, and make God happy. That is OK.

Q7: What is you idea of knowledge?
A7: I think the math is the best important method to study every thing. This method is reliable.

Q8: Why you to stand different point with god?
A8: Because I believe some idea of Descartes. And his rational ideas effect me a lot and different in church.

Q9: What is “Natura naturans”?
A9: This is means some one have the ability to create any thing. And this is God and nature. They can create any thing.

Q10: What is I is I?
A10: This means I am the reason in “I am I”. Every one is the reason why everyone to live in the world.I have no others questions to you.Thanks for you. Bye Bye. End.

Georg W. f. Hegel 哲學一愛 493031333 林曄民

Hegel

I am a bench scientist. I have a dream that is I can go to erstwhile, so I experiment in my laboratory. La La La…………Wow,I touch my machine’push, and it is running. I am so anticipative and afraid. Then….I am in a deeply sleep. When I waken, I found I am in the germany’school that is 19-centry. I am so happy, so I asked people that is spoke germany language. Fortunately, I can speak that. And I found the people is Kant. He is so happy, because his ideological affect our. So I ask him some question, and he is mouthy.

I am so happy: Hi. What’s your name?
Hegel: My name is Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.
I: What time are you born and where are you born?
Hegel: I’m born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. August 2credentialism7, 1770. I: And you will dead in November 14, 1831. Hegel: Wow! I don’t care.
I: well, what’s your ad eundem and process?
Hegel: I received my education at the Tübinger Stift (seminary of the Protestan Church in Württemberg), where I was friends with the future philosophers Friedric Schelling and Friedrich Hölderlin. I became fascinated by the works of Spinoza, Kant, and Rousseau, and by the French Revolution.
Oh, what’s your main idea?
Hegel: In the introduction to The Philosophy of History (translated by J. Sibree) I says: "Philosophy shows that the Idea advances to an infinite antithesis; that, viz. between the Idea in its free, universal form - in which it exists for itself - and the contrasted form of abstract introversion, reflection on itself, which is formal existence-for-self, personality, formal freedom, such as belongs to Spirit only."So, breaking it down, there are two forms of the universal idea and they are always and infinitely the antithesis of each other. One form is the general principle of it and the other form is its specific application to the actual events in history. He continues to say: "The universal Idea exists thus as the substantial totality of things on the one side, and as the abstract essence of free volition on the other side."
So….. what is you are mean in metaphysics?
Hegel: "This reflection of the mind on itself is individual self-consciousness - the polar opposite of the Idea in its general form, and therefore existing in absolute Limitation. This polar opposite is consequently limitation, particularization, for the universal absolute being; it is the side of its definite existence; the sphere of its formal reality, the sphere of the reverence paid to God. - To comprehend the absolute connection of this antithesis, is the profound task of metaphysics."Therefore, I is stating, albeit in difficult turns of phrase, that metaphysics should be concerned with grasping the mechanics of how the thesis and antithesis are connected in each individual case. To do so would involve comparing examples of events of history with their archetypal forms and trying to understand both the similarities and the differences between them.
I:so, your conclude.
Hegel: Aside from my dense and difficult style my work is perplexing for modern audiences because I have an organic and teleological view of human society. This view is in direct opposition to the conceptions of individual rights and existentialism which most modern-day intellectuals take for granted.
I: Can you exemplify for example?
Hegel: Myworks have a reputation for their difficulty, and for the breadth of the topics they attempt to cover. I introduced a system for understanding the history of philosophy and the world itself, often called a progression in which each successive movement emerges as a solution to the contradictions inherent in the preceding movement. For example, the French Revolution for I constitutes the introduction of real freedom into western societies for the first time in recorded history. But precisely because of my absolute novelty, it is also absolutely radical: on the one hand the upsurge of violence required to carry out the revolution cannot cease to be itself, while on the other, it has already consumed its opponent. The revolution therefore has nowhere to turn but on to its own result: the hard-won freedom is consumed by a brutal Reign of Terror. History, however, progresses by learning from its mistakes: only after and precisely because of this experience can one posit the existence of a constitutional state of free citizens, embodying both the benevolent organizing power of rational government and the revolutionary ideals of freedom and equality.
I: I want to listen your Famous quotations.
Hegel:"I saw the Emperor - that world-soul - ride through the town to reconnoitre. It is indeed a strange feeling to see such a person, who here, from a single point, sitting on his horse, reaches over and masters the world!""We may affirm absolutely that nothing great in this world has been accomplished without passion.""What is rational is actual and what is actual is rational."
I: You are so smart. And what is your author?
Hegel: I have Phnomenologie des Gesist 1806(See battle of Jena) and (Wissenschaft der Logik) 1812-1816 (last edition of the first part 1831) and (Enzyklopaedie der philosophischen Wissenschaften) 1817-1830
I: What’s you think your inflacation?
Hegel: I thought to represent the summit of 19th Century Germany's movement of philosophical idealism. It would come to have a profound impact on many future philosophical schools such as Existentialism, as well as the historical materialism of Karl Marx.
Ya! I am so happy……….Ho! what is happen! That is a dream. Ho,it is too truly.

Gong-sun Long 哲學一智 493032208 黃玉寧

Gong-sun Long

(There is no picture of Gongsun Long.)
Once time, was I watching TV programs, I saw a strange call-in show. The host was somebody I didn’t know and the visitor, really surprised me, was Gongsun Long. Because of curious, I locked on the channel and wanted to know what they will talk about in the interview.
The following is some parts I can still remember in this interview.

Host --- We’re so appreciated that we can get Mr. Gong-sun come here to talk about his theory. But I think many of our spectators doesn’t really know much about you, so maybe we can start our program in introduce, Mr. Gongsun?
Gongsun Long --- I’m willing to. Where we start?
Host --- Well, maybe we can proceed by question and answer? It’s easier to let our spectators understand.
Gongsun Long --- Sure!
Host --- Can you tell us your name and your birth first?
Gongsun Long --- My name is Gongsun Long, another name is Gongsun Zi-bing(子秉). I was born in 320B.C in a country name Zhao. (Captions supplement: And died in 250B.C.) I had written a book name “Gongsun Long” (or call “Gongsun Long Zi” or “Shou Bai Lun”).

Host --- Wow, it’s quite a detailed self introduce! But I’m still having a question in your self introduce. What kind of the background you lived and made your theory?
Gongsun Long --- Well … let me think … it was almost the end of the Warring Stages. Every country wanted to made themselves stronger so that they can swallow up other small countries. In the condition like that, commoners like me can use our scholarship to do many things, even get famous. That why we always though lot things others never think.

Host --- thank you Mr. Gongsun. By your self introduce, we can more easily understand with you and your theory.
I believe every our spectators before TV has more understand about Mr. Gongsun Long than before, but I think there must has more questions they didn’t understand. So now, we get the call-in starting.
Mr. Gongsun, before we get the first call, do you have any expect to our phone call questions?
Gongsun Long --- Well, expect… maybe more questions from my theory, I hope I can let every one know my theory.
Host --- So… you hope it’s a specialized question, right?
OK, now we’re getting our first call-in. Mr. Zhao?

Call in (1) --- Mr. Gongsun, I heard you just said that you were born in a disorder age, and it’s also an age everyone has the chance. So I want to ask you: How did you use this chance and what did you do?
Gongsun Long --- Well…I canvass the rulers in many countries, especially for those who wanted to attack others. And I also devastatingly refute and disprove them and advised them don’t send soldiers abroad. For example, once time I showed up Zhao’s ruler’s conspiracy. It’s not an easy job, but for me, it most important in my life.

Host --- Thanks for Mr. Zhao. Next call is Mr. Li.
Call in (2) ---Yes. At the beginning of the program, Mr. Gongsun said he expects there has more questions about his theory, but before that, can you make a description for your theory? What is the point in it? Thank you, Mr. Gong-sun.
Gongsun Long --- About the point in my theory, I think maybe it better we call it “main point of view”. I put my point on the “same” of things. And I attached importance to the general come into view. The general of things are never change, so my theory can also call “Philosophy in Never Change.”

Host --- OK, thanks Mr. Li. Next call we have Mr. Chen.
Call in (3) --- Hi, Mr. Gongsun. I …I want to know more about your theory of “堅白論”. Ca… can you explain it general idea for me?
Gongsun Long --- Of course, “堅白論” is one of the important idea in my theory. Now, let me explain it with white stone.
When you watching a stone, you can only know its color but didn’t know it hardness. The same, when you touch a stone, you can only know its hardness but no idea about its color. We can know many things, and those things are come from our different feelings. It make by every organ’s different sensation. So when we say “the white stone is hard”, it’s means we use both our two sensation --- eyes and fingers. The conclusion is integrating senses.

Host --- Thank you Mr. Chen. Next call is a lady, Miss Lin.
Call in (4) --- Yes. Mr. Gongsun, if my memory is right, you had more than one point in your theory. Can you explain the others for us?
Gongsun Long --- The others? You mean…?
Call in (4) --- I think its “指物論” and ”白馬非馬”. Is that right?
Gongsun Long --- Yes, you are right! I’m so happy you ask me this question. I love to explain it for you. The first is “指物論”, it talking about the different between reference and sense. For example, we know a pen is a pen, in this time “pen” is just it sense but don’t have the meaning with reference. But when we call it “a pen”, now what we call is a name, and this name including sense and reference. “Something it is” and “Something we call it” are not really the same. But if we want to know “what the things is” we have through by “what we call it”. The reference couldn’t get along without the sense, but the sense couldn’t also get understand by people without the reference. Now, can you understand, Miss Lin?
Call in (4) --- Hum… I think I get it.
Gongsun Long --- Ha-ha… that great. And the second one is “白馬非馬”. As you see, it’s means --- Whit horse is not the horse. In this part, I want to talk about the different between all and a part. “Horse” means all the group of horse, and “Whit horse” means a part of horse, so those are different. In another word, “Horse” is a construct, but “Whit horse” is two constricts, compose by “Whit” and ”Horse”. So they are totally different. In this logic, I sailed “whit horse is not the horse”.


Host --- Thanks for Miss Lin’s question. I believe by the question, we got closer with Mr. Gong-sun, right Mr. Gong-sun?
Gongsun Long --- Yes, it’s really an excellent question.
Host --- OK! Now we have a breath for a while. After then, we got 2 more call-in for our spectators.

Host --- Hi, welcome back to our program. Now we have 2 more call-in can ask questions to Mr. Gongsun. The first is Mr. Lai.
Call in (5) --- Hello! Mr. Gongsun. Well, the question I want to ask was just asked by Miss Lin. So I want to ask another one.
Gongsun Long --- Yes, what is your question?
Call in (5) --- I want to ask you: do you know how the other people think about your theory in that time?
Gongsun Long --- Well… badly, it’s not a good appraisal. They thought my theories were only just a way to defend oneself by sophistry. So they despised my theory and call me “argue person”. But that’s not my real intention, its just a way to use my theory. They got some misunderstanding.

Host --- Thanks for Mr. Lai. The last one is Miss Wang.
Call in (6) --- Mr. Gongsun, you said you were in an age full oh chance, and people can get succeed or famous by thinking and speaking. And did there have anyone got the similar quality with you in that same period?
Gongsun Long --- Yes, his name is Hui-Shi. He was also one of a philosopher in Ming theory. He had argued with Zhuangzi for many things. For example, like people did or did not know if the fish happy with swimming in water.
Call in (6) --- And then, what’s the different between your theory and his?
Gongsun Long --- Well, to explain it in rough, Hui-Shi’s theory attach his importance to every single things. Every body knows the things are change every times, so we can call his philosophy as “Philosophy of change” And I was stress on the same of things, the things’ applicable to both or all. That is the maximum different between our two theories.

Host --- Thank you, Mr. Gongsun! You made so many wonderful answers and explain for your theory. I believe that disentangle many people’s confuse.
Once again, thank you for coming, Mr. Gongsun.
Gongsun Long --- It’s my honored. And please don’t forget to read my book in your free time. Thank you! Good bye everyone~

Plato 哲學一智 劉靜怡

PLATO

When I finished my English work, it had already ended at last. So, I rest for a while on my bed. Step by step, I walked in my dream…

When I woke up, I saw all around, “will, where is here?” I jumped to my feet, looking my clothing. It seems that not like my times. What’s happened? Why here I am? ….. All right, since I was here, go for a walk in everywhere.

Suddenly, I found that I can understand the language which those people said, so, I thought, “Can they understand what I talk about?”

I kept walk, and I saw an older in front of me, so, I walked to him and asked, “Excuse me, Where is it? And, can I ask you some questions?”

The old man said, “Here is Athens, what questions do you ask?”

I said, “Oh, thank you, do you know who Plato is?”

He said, “Plato is one of world’s best known and most widely read and studied philosophers. Known as the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, he wrote in the middle of the fourth century B.C.E.”

I said, “Oh, thank you, can I ask more questions to you?”
“OK!” He said.
Then I asked, “Will, do you know when Plato’s birth was?”

“He was born in 428 B.C. and died at the age of eighty. Some people thought that Plato was born the year Pericles died, and was six years younger than Socrates, and died at the age of eighty-four years.” He answered.

“Thank you!” I said, “Will, the last question, is it true that people said Plato was a man of noble birth?”

He said, “mm, I have no idea, but we can ask else people. It seems that you are not born here, by the way, I can lead you go anywhere to look around.”

“Oh, yeah, thank you, I’m very willing.” I answered.

Then, I went follow the old man while looking around. I saw many temples. I could not believe that I could see those great building in here. It’s a pity that I could not take a picture. Then, I asked the old man, “And, do you know that how many sections in Plato’s Dialogues?”

“I can answer you this question as possible as I can; as far as I know, Plato’s Dialogues could be divided to four periods:
Early – Plato’s early dialogues often wrote Socrates.
(All after the death of Socrates, but before Plato’s first trip to Sicily in 387 B.C.E)

Early-Transitional – Plato’s thinking were not yet became mature.
(Either at the end of the early group or at the beginning if the middle group, c. 387-380 B.C.E)

Middle – Plato’s thinking presented clearly.
(c. 380-360 B.C.E)

Late – Plato’s thinking became deeply and very hard to understand.
(c. 355-347 B.C.E.; possibly in chronological order), those are all I know.” He said.

I said, “It is really thank you, that’s enough!”

And then, he leaded me to a building which liked a school, and I thought suddenly that it was seems that Plato ever set up an academy.

Then, old man said, “We can ask people here, maybe, they have answers that you want.” So, we kept walking in to the academy. During a while, we saw a student sited under the tree and read book. We walked to him; when the student saw us, he stood up right away and talked to the old man, “Hello, teacher, what can I do for you?”

Then the old man talked to me, “You can give your question to him, I think, he will answer to you.”

So, I asked, “I have some questions want to ask you, is it true that people said Plato was a man of noble birth?”

The student said, “Oh, I think I can answer to you. That’s true. Plato came from one of the wealthiest and most politically active families in Athens. Plato’s actual given name was apparently Aristocles, after his grandfather. “Plato” is a nickname, because of the breadth of his style or the breadth of his forehead.”

“Then, do you know what did Plato write in his writings?” I said.

“Oh, I just know a little about this question, When Plato’s young, he had already possessed of outstanding intellectual and artistic ability. Plato began his as a writer of tragedies, but hearing Socrates talk, he wholly abandoned that path, and burned tragedies. There can be no doubt that Plato’s mastery of dialogue, characterization, and dramatic context. Plato’s early Dialogues had many thoughts about Socrates.” He answered.

I said follow him, “Oh, I see, and do you know what Plato’s important thinking is?”



“Will, since you ask me those questions, I just read a little! As far as I know, the important Plato’s thinking that the theory of Forms. We are told that particular sensible equal things, for example, equal sticks or stones are equal because of their “participation” or “sharing” in the character of the Form of Equality, which is absolutely, changelessly, perfectly, and essentially equal.” He answered.

Then I asked again, “So, do you know what’s Plato’s Love is?”

“Will, that’s also belong to one of Plato’s important ideas. Plato introduces his theory of eros (usually translated as “love”). Several passages and images from these dialogues show up in Western culture. In the Phaedrus, love is revealed to be the great “divine madness” through which the wings of the lover’s soul may sprout, allowing the lover to take flight to all of the highest aspirations and achievements possible for humankind.” He said, and asked me, “Do you have else questions? Or, if you want ask Plato himself?”

“Asking Plato himself? You say Plato?” I shocked and said.

“That’s right; you can go to find him in this academy. I ever heard of that he often appear on the library. So, you can go there to find him.” He said.

“Oh, thank you, I will go.” I said. Then, I went to the library.

When I got there, I looked around in this library. Suddenly, I saw a man who I looked very familiar. So, I went to him, and asked him, “Are you Plato himself?”
The man said, “Yes, I am, what happened?”

“Oh, in fact, I have some questions want to ask you, do you have free time now?” I said.

“Oh, yes, I have free time now, what questions do you ask?” Plato said.

I said, “I want to ask you that why you hate political in Athens?”

“Because of my teacher, Socrates, was the most influence in my life. When I was twenty years, and I learned philosophy from my teacher for ten years until he was put to death. Him death gave me a heavy blow, and made me lose confidence for Athens’ democratic politics.” He said.


“So, is it because your teacher death so that you feel disappointment at Athens’ democratic politics?” I said.

“Yes, I feel very disappointment.” He said.

“Will, I want to know who ever influences on you?” I said.

“I mixed four philosophers’ thoughts in my works, the arguments of Heraclitus, the Pythagoreans, Parmenides and Zeno and Socrates. I borrow from Heraclitus to read the sensible; from Pythagorean to read intelligible.” He said.

Then, I said, “Oh, thanks for telling me so detailed. And I have the honor to talk with you…”

Suddenly, a burst of the sky and earth were spinning round, a slice space in front of my eyes...

“Where is it? It…feels…very…familiar…It is like my room…”

When I got up, I touch my clothing on my body, then, I jump down my bed and walked in front of my desk. I recalled something that I want to add in my English work. So, I opened my computer…

“Why I choice Plato for my English work?” I keyed on my computer.

“Because of I have developed an interest in Plato’s works. Because of in his works, Plato ever mentioned the myth of Atlantis, which scholars now generally agree is quite late, despite being dramatically placed on the day after the discussion recounted in the Republic. The myth of Atlantis is continued in the unfinished dialogue.”

Jean-Paul Sartre哲學一智 493032351 蘇昊

Sartre

This night, I make a dream, in this dream Sciences in 2105 make a machine that can make us communicate to the soul, science think it’s very helpful to those people who lost their family members, I went to use this machine to finish my English work.
At first, I visited the SBI( Soul Bureau of Investigation) where set many soul-, it located in S6879 area, it surrounded by many beautiful falls. A baroque style building float on the lake that all falls flow into there.
“It’s beautiful.” I said.
When the door of the building open, I fell some blackout and my body is disappear.
“Don’t worry” a voice like robot said “now, we proceed to change space-time.
Suddenly, I heart a voice like an old man “Are you ok? Let us start”

being-in-itself Vs being-for-itself
William: My name is William, I come from another era, I am interest in your work, could you tell me what is “being-in-itself” in your work?
Sartre: My “being-in-itself” represents the idea that only concrete phenomena have ontological status; only the concrete is real. In other word, the being is a kind of no consciousness, its essence precedes existence.
William: What are concrete phenomena?
Sartre: concrete phenomena is a phenomena it exist by a form of material, for example, the world before the appearance of humankind are concrete phenomena.
William: And what is ”being-for-itself”? your another theory foundation.
Sartre: It’s a state of self-awareness and control. My ”being-for-itself” describe human consciousness as possessing the characteristic of incompleteness and potency, with an indeterminate structure. Its existence precedes essence.
William: According to your definition, man is a thing “existence precedes essence”, do we have to create our essence?
Sartre: Yes, man must create his own essence. It is in throwing himself into the word, suffering there, struggling there, that he gradually defines himself. And the definition always remains open ended: we cannot say what this man is before he dies, or what mankind is before it has disappeared. Many people wrongly quote “existence precedes essence” as if that summarized existentialism. I was merely stating that man, as the only sentient being on earth, was forced to define who to define who he was through living, while objects are what they are until destroyed. With our ability to think, grow, and change, mankind is in the unique position of defining itself. We are each in charge of defining our own lives. The most important of all,” He is what he is, “might be the best description of everyone.

Freedom & Religion
William: “freedom” is a important idea in your work, what definition you give of freedom?
Sartre: I considered freedom a subjective experience. Freedom is the ability to define and assign meaning to things and events, it oppose being.
William: So, man is a kind of nothingness, so he is free.
Sartre: Yes. Man is condemned to be free. But without thought, we could not be free.
William: You have said “religion is a form of bad faith”, why?
Sartre: Starting with the theory than man is inherently nothingness or free will, I developed what he considered was a logical argument for atheism. In the absence of a Creator, individuals feel abandoned, with a sense of anger at the universe. Anger and despair lead to a tendency to embrace "Bad Faith." Bad Faith represents a self-deception in which the person views self as an object, not as a person with free will. As an object, a person is without responsibility. Religion, for me, was a form of bad faith, teaching that previous humans, namely Adam and Eve, were responsible for human frailty. The unconscious is also a form of bad faith, allowing people to deny their thoughts.
William: Make a long story short, religion make us lost freedom, isn’t it?
Sartre: Yes, because it is a kind of self-deception, religion views self as an object, not as a person with free.

Morality & Freedom
William: For you what is existential morality? And do you think it will be oppose to “freedom” ?
Sartre: Existential morality arises from the fact that all choices affect others, physically and emotionally. Social responsibility results from the interdependencies of individuals. Since any living person is engaged in the process of defining self and others, ethics develop accordingly. Since the existentialist values free will and wants others to respect his or her freedom, the ethical system developed is based upon free expression.

An anarchist?
William: After May 1968 you said to us: "If one rereads all my books, one will realize that I have not changed profoundly, and that I have always remained an anarchist." When do you become anarchist? Are you still an anarchist? Sartre: That is true. And it will be evident in the television broadcasts I am preparing. Still, I have changed in the sense that I was an anarchist without knowing it when I wrote Nausea: I did not realize that what I was writing there could have an anarchist interpretation; I saw only the relation with the metaphysical idea of "nausea," the metaphysical idea of existence. Then, by way of philosophy, I discovered the anarchist being in me. But when I discovered it I did not call it that, because today's anarchy no longer has anything to do with the anarchy of 1890.

God
William: Can one take a place of God?
Sartre: Toward the end of Being and Nothingness I argues that it is man's basic wish to fuse his openness and freedom with the impermeability of things, to achieve a state of being in which the being-in-itself and being-for-itself are synthesized. This ideal, says I, one can call God, and "man is the being who wants to be God." The chapter ends: "But the idea of God is contradictory... man is a useless passion."

Objectivity and Subjectivity
William: Can’t a truth be expressed independently of the person who expresses it?
Sartre: It is no longer interesting then. It removes the individual and the person from the world and goes no farther than objective truths. One can attain objective truths without thinking of one's own truth. But if it is a question of speaking of both one's objectivity and the subjectivity that is behind this objectivity, and which is just as much a part of the man as his objectivity, at this point it is necessary to write: "I, Sartre." And, as this is not possible at the present time, because we do not know each other well enough, the detour of fiction allows for a more effective approach to this objective-subjective totality.

Nobel Prize
William: Why did you refuse the Nobel Prize? This thing often misunderstood by many people.
Sartre: It is not the same thing if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre or if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre, Nobel Prize winner. A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honorable form. A writer should not allow himself to be turned into an institution.

augustine 哲學一智 493032167 王佳慧

Augustine

Hi, my name is Emma, I so glad to visiting Augustine. We are face to face now, I so nervous. He is a kind and genial man. Now, we are placing in the church. The church is brimming solemn. The interview is coming.
Emma: .Where were you born ?
Augustine: Africa Tagaste.

Emma :.What do you think your temperament?
Augustine: I think I own two temperaments, one is indulging my desire, and another is pious seek truth temperament. Because I ever given my mother influence, my mother is a pious Christian, she owns gentle and kindhearted temperament.

We know you have two suitable famous writings, one is The City of God, and another is Confessions.
Emma: Please explain why are you want to write The City of God?
Augustine : At the time, Rome empire was defeated by northern nationality, the empire encountered destroy, this time the pagan took the guilt attributed to Christianity, and abusing God venomously. I see the society situation chaotic, the people turn into density. And I heard Christian was given critical opinion rampancy gradually, so writing this book.

Emma: You have some explains for history at The City of God, what origination of history do you think?
Augustine: Before create the world, time does not exist. After created the world and then it have conception of time. Because God created time, it does not restricted by the time, no matter what the past, now and future of people, it always now before God.

Emma : You gives some examples at Confessions, please give one example.
Augustine: When I was young, I ever discontinue my studies one year, this time, I got to know a group of bad friends, and I stole the fruit from someone’s pear tree. Although this deed is only small evil, the effect to me is huge very much.

Let’s talk about your religious belief.
Emma : Have you ever believe in another religion before believing Christianity?
Augustine: Initial stage, I believe in Manichaeism. Manichaeism emphasized opposition between the good and the evil. This is materialistic world view.

Emma : Who affected you to enter Christianity?
Augustine : Ambrose, he is Milan bishop. When I heard his preach, my heart permeated with move, and I admire his personality.

Emma: What is the knowledge for you?
Augustine: I do not oppose the knowledge, but I oppose in order to seek knowledge so seek it.

Emma : Did do you think you have any contribution?
Augustine: I think I just do me must. If must to say, I think it should establish Christian church authority.

Emma : Afterward, what did you want to say for everyone?
Augustine: I hope I can affect some dissenters, making people caused some reflections.

Zhuangzi 哲學一愛 493031319 王思云

Questions and Answers--- Zhuangzi

I am very glad to invite Zhuangzi to take my interview. We are in the Zhuangzi’s house. The following are our conversation.

Cheer: Hi! I’m Cheer Wang, studying in Fu Jen Catholic University and majoring in Philosophy. Nice to meet you! Could you introduce yourself in some simple words?
Zhuangzi: Hi! I’m Tzoang Tzu. Living in Warring States period. My teacher is a great thinker named Laozi.

Cheer: When were you born?
Zhuangzi: About 360 BC.

Cheer: In my view, you were a leading thinker representing the Taoism strain in Chinese thought. Could you explain what Taoism is?
Zhuangzi: Taoism, like Confucianism, was not an organized school, sect, or movement but developed into an intellectual tradition that had widespread influence throughout subsequent Chinese history.

Cheer: What is your Dao and De?
Zhuangzi: Dao, the “Way”, is an ineffable monistic principle that infuses and guides the spontaneous processes of all phenomena; De, “Inner Power”, is the realized manifestation of this Way within all phenomena.

Cheer: Besides, what is your central theory?
Zhuangzi: My central theory concerns the relativity of things, ideas, and language. It fulfills some of the same function for Taoist thought that Mencius’ work does for Confucianism by illustrating and elucidating key concepts.

Cheer: Oh! I see. And how many texts do you have?
Zhuangzi: I have Inner chapters, including”Wandering Beyond”, “Discussion on Smoothing Things Out ”, “The Principle of Nurturing Life”, “In the Human Realm”, “Sign of Abundant Potency”, “The Vast Ancestral Teacher” and “Responding to Emperors and Kings”.

Cheer: In your works, what ways do you use to express your view and thinking?
Zhuangzi: I usually was using parable and allegory.

Cheer: A famous story named Tzoang Tzu’s Dream in your parable. Could you describe what the content is?
Zhuangzi: once dreamed of myself becoming a butterfly fluttering in the sky. But is it I dreaming to become a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming to become me? The story of my dream of a butterfly awakens in us the concept that all things are one.

Cheer: Then, what is “Discussion on Smoothing Things Out ”?
Zhuangzi: Suppose you and I have had an argument. If you have beaten me instead of I beating you, then are you necessarily right and am I necessarily wrong? If I have beaten you instead of you beating me, then am I necessarily right and are you necessarily wrong? Is one of us right and the other wrong? Are both of us right or are both of us wrong? Whom shall we get to decide what is right? Shall we get someone who agrees with you to decide? But if he already agrees with you, how can he decide fairly? Shall we get someone who agrees with me? But if he already agrees with me, how can he decide? Shall we get someone who disagrees with both of us? But if he already disagrees with both of us, how can he decide? Shall we get someone who agrees with both of us? But if he already agrees with both of us, how can he decide? Obviously, then, neither you nor I nor anyone else can know the answer. Shall we wait for still another person? But waiting for one shifting voice to pass judgment on another is the same as waiting for none of them. Right is not right; so is not so. If right were really right it would differ so clearly from not right that there would be no need for argument. If so were really so, it would differ so clearly from not so that there would be no need for argument.

Cheer: Finally, I want to know what “The Principle of Nurturing Life” is.
Zhuangzi: I see civic involvement as particularly inimical to the preservation and cultivation of one’s natural life. In order to cultivate one’s natural potencies, one must retreat from social life, or at least one must retreat from the highly complex and artificially structured social life of the city. One undergoes a psychophysical training in which one’s sensory and physical attunement with the transformations of nature, and thus highly responsive to the tendencies of all things, people, and processes.

Cheer: Well, thanks for that you answer my question in details so that I could understand you more. Thank you!