final course, ice cream, june 13, 2005

Descartes 哲一智 493032155 黃展成

René Descartes (1596-1650)

Yesterday I made a dream, in the dream, I saw a man, and I talked to him many things, his name is René Descartes

Daniel:Wow, where am I ? So many things I"ve never seen.
Descartes:We all in your dream, and I come to here for your English report.
Daniel:Really? Thank you so much. So, you are René Descartes, right?
Descartes:Yes, now I live in heaven, but you need me to solve your problem, I am a franch but I learn English in heaven,
so you can talk to me in English.
Daniel:Ohh, that wonderful, everybody say you have great achievement on math and philosophy, so I have to ask you some questions
about phiolophy, math is too difficult to me.
Descartes:Ok, come on.
Daniel:Many people say you are father of modren philosophy, how do you think?
Descartes:Oh, I don't know this compellation, maybe I bring new though, modren oriention and new spirit on philosophy,
and I like this compellation, sounds good.
Daniel:I read your biography, when you was 22, you joined army, why?
Descartes:Beacause I graduated from university, I want to learn more things, books can't appease me, so I decided
to join army, it a very ideal way to see more things.
Daniel:Oh, I see, and why do you live in Holland so many years?
Descartes:Because Holland is a peaceful and free country, and I can do many things here, writting, reading, even toot dope,
that a joke.
Daniel:Oh, your joke is so cold, just like professor Tang. So you wrote many books in Holland, please talk about them.
Descartes:Sure, I wrote Discours de la method(方法導論), Le Monde, ou Traite de la Lumiere(光學), Meditationes de prima phiosophia(沈思錄), Principia philosophiae(哲學原理) and Les passions de l'ame(心靈感受). Oh, I am sorry, all the half titles
are Frensh, maybe you can't read them.
Daniel:Don't worry, professor Tang will solve the problem. French is very easy to him. We've talk about your books, then can you explain what is thought?
Descartes: Sure, thought is everything we've touched, not only means intellgere, velle, imagine, but also means cogitare. Although when I looking, walking or talking I can say I am. But if I think walking is leg motion, then this conclusion we can't absolutely sure. Because when I in dream, I also can think that I can walking.
Daniel:Oh, I see, now I'm talking to you in my dreamin your thought, dream is not real, so maybe it not real, right?
Descartes: Yeah, Daniel, you're pretty smart. I emphasize that entity is real subsistent. Dream is just a thought, not a entity. Do you understand?
Daniel:Yes, I got it. I readed your books, and you have a very famous saying " I think there I am" in French is " Cogito, ergo sum" can you talk about that?
Descartes:Yeah, ok. If we want to research truth, the first step is doubt anything in the world, and everything that we image and everything that touched by our feeling, and sometimes feeling mistake, it is very fool that we trust them, and in dreams we can image many phenomenon, but actually they are not being.
Daniel:I know, it is your theory of knowledge.
Descartes:Yeah, so I think we should doubt anything, even the most tiny thing, but the only thing we can't doubt is we are doubting. That will be antinomy.
Daniel:Oh, I see, thank you. Can we trust our feeling? Because many philosopher don't trust feeling, how about you?
Descartes:Actually, I don't trust feeling, too. Because I think the conclusions feeled by feeling can't adjust clear conception.
Daniel:And why our feeling often mistake?
Descartes:I think there are many devil in our world, these devil lie our feeling let our feeling can't touch the real world.
Daniel:Oh, you've said clear conception, can you explain more?
Descartes:Ok, I think human is very clear conception, so God is a more clear and perfect conception, and God is omnipotence.
Daniel:Wait, I got a interesting question, can you answer me this question?
Descartes:Oh, yes com on.
Daniel:If human make a robot like Doraemon(哆拉a夢，傳說中的小叮噹), is this robot entity?
Descartes:Oh, that is a very very interesting question, actually, I can't image in the future that human will make a robot which can think. But in my mind I think this robot is a entity, because it can think, make a judgement and doubt, according to my doctrine Doraemon is a entity if it made in the future.
Daniel:That beck to feeling, how do we feel?
Descartes:We should know our soul is located in head, and sense transmit by nerve, like a system, when feeling touched by things, nerve will transmit sense to head, head feel the feeling, and send the message to soul.
Daniel:And what is life?
Descartes:Life is a clear conception, and we also can call it soul, but it should combine with body.
Daniel:Oh, I got so many things in this dialogue, and one more question, what is math.
Descartes:You konw, I am not only a philosopher but also a mathematician, for math, I just say, math formula is a beautiful truth.
Daniel:Actually, math is a very imporant subject, but I can't learn it well, can you teach me ?
Descartes:Of course, but, I'm very busy, I can't teach you math in your dream every night, but that ok, after you die, we will discuss math everyday in heaven.
Daniel:.................., o........ok. Thank you so much, after I die, I will, now I have to wake, nice talk to you, good bye.
Descartes:Nice talk to you too, good bye.

class schedule

on May 30 and June 13, we'll begin our class a little bit earlier.
We'll meet around 12:30.
you're welcome to bring your lunch box.

albert

Anaximander 哲一智 王前軒

Anaximander(610-546 B.C)

The dialogue conversation; Q&A

Sean: Hey, Anaximander! Do you know the correct time that Chien-Ming Wang ‘s debut in Major League?

Anaximander: Woo…Are you Yankee’s fan? I am sorry. Maybe you can check the right time on TV program’s schedule.

Sean: Okay! It looks like a good idea, thanks a lot! My name is Sean.

Anaximander: Hi, Sean. I am Anaximander. But how do you know my name?

Sean: HaHaHa.... I’m a Fu Jen Catholic University student and major in philosophy.

Anaximander: Philosophy?

Sean: Yes. In this time, philosophy is not only a theory to explain or solve some special question, it’s also a learning about lots of philosophers and theories.

Anaximander: Sounds funny!

Sean: That’s right! Can you introduce “Milesian”?

Anaximander: Miletus’s attribution is nature philosophy.

Sean: Nature philosophy?

Anaximander: In that time, “how is the world becoming?” is the most important question.

Sean: In your opinion, what is the first principle of things?

Anaximander: I think that the first principle of things is the unlimited which is “eternal and ageless,” “deathless and indestructible.”

Sean: What’s the first Greek philosophers were looking for the origin or the principle?

Anaximander: Boundless or the Unlimited.

Sean: Who is Thales?

Anaximander: Thales of Miletus was the son of Examyes and Cleobuline. His parents are said by some to be from Miletus but others report that they were Phoenicians. And he is my teacher. He said the water is the source of everything, a vital matrix that he associated with water.

Sean: How about the soul?

Anaximander: Only one sentence. “As our soul, being air, keeps us together, so do breath and air encompass the whole cosmos.”

Sean: You are the first philosophy of Greece who has the author.
Can you tell me some information about your book?

Anaximander: The questions in this book are not only science and geophysic. The most important concept is “metaphysics.”

Sean: The word “unlimited” you said would be disappear?

Anaximander: No, it is deathless and indestructible.

Sean: Except the philosophy, what is your interesting?

Anaximander: Mathematics. Astronomy and geography!

Sean: How about love and hate?

Anaximander: These two energies let the first principle of thing
to one system.

Sean: Can you introduce your Astronomy?

Anaximander: OK. I think my theory of astronomy has some characteristic:
o Speculative astronomy
o The celestial bodies make full circles
o The earth floats unsupported in space
o Why the earth does not fall
o The celestial bodies lie behind one another
o The order of the celestial bodies
o The celestial bodies as wheels
o The distances of the celestial bodies
o A representation of Anaximander's universe
Sean: We also know very little of your life. Can you tell me about it briefly?
Anaximander: I have led a mission that founded a colony called Apollonia on the coast of the Black Sea. I also probably introduced the gnomon (a perpendicular sun-dial) into Greece and erected one in Sparta.
Sean: In the other word, you are really a much-traveled man!
Anaximander: Yes. In fact, traveling is so interesting and useful.

Sean: Well, I am so glad chatting with you. But I have to go checking the time of the ball game right now! See you later.

Anaximander: Ok. Bye.


Epikuros (374-270 B.C.)

Sean: What is your name?

Epikuros: My name is Epikuros.

Sean: Who is your teacher?

Epikuros: My teacher is Nausiphanes.

Sean: Whose theory is your epistemology’s reference?

Epikuros: Plato and Aristotle.

Sean: In helenistic philosophy time, what’s the contribution you think that Epikurean have?

Epikuros: Moral science. Cosmic philosophy and epistemology.

Sean: Can you introduce the Stoicism?

Epikuros: 1) The stoic system.
2) Theory of knowledge.
3) Nature. Form and matter.
4) Nature and the world order.
5) Determinism and freedom.
6) Ethics.

Sean: In your opinion, what is the biggest well?

Epikuros: Pursuing the biggest happiness and blessedness.

Sean: What is death?

Epikuros: Death is nothing to us; for that which has been dissolved into its elements experiences no sensations, and that which has no sensation is nothing to us.

Sean: What is the history of Epicureanism and your school?

Epikuros: I helped lay the intellectual foundations for modern science and for secular individualism, with many aspects of my system still highly relevant some twenty-three centuries after they were first taught to my students at school in Athens, called “the Garden.

Sean: What is the most different viewpoint in your philosophy?

Epikuros: The most important thing in our life is that pursuing the biggest happiness and emphasize the happiness of the sense.

Sean: Can you explain the word “happiness?”

Epikuros: A life without disturbs.

Sean: What is the source of Epicureanism’s cosmology?

Epikuros: Atomism of Demokritos.

Mo Dee 哲一智 493032363 卓倩如

Mo Dee

Someday, I make an unforgettable dream. I saw a poor house in woods and there was a man taking chop at firewood. I asked what his name is. Oh my God! He is Mo Dee. We have a great time. I also asked him some questions.

Judy: My name is Judy. I major in Philosophy. When were you born?
Mo Dee: Hi, I am Mo Dee. I was born on 489B.C. I am 2494 years old this year. My
birth place is Shantung. I am good at doing goods by woods.

Judy: Could you introduce your hometown?
Mo Dee: There are a lot of mountains. It likes a big garden. And you can eat a famous food: steamed bun. You can come to there with friends. It must be an unforgettable memory.

Judy: What’s your favorite pastime?
Mo Dee: I can’t spend time on unmeaning thing. I have to do a lot of affairs, such as reading books and helping people.

Judy: Who is affected you the must?
Mo Dee: Maybe the person is Confucius. The thought of Confucius is very popular when I grew up. My ideas have closely relation between Confucius. I was born in a poor family, so my some ideas are different to his thought.

Judy: What is the background supporting your theory?
Mo Dee: We gave much fight in the time. All citizens live hard life, But the official are still luxury. The society is not in peace. So I propose some opinion.

Judy: What is your philosophy of life?
Mo Dee: I think my philosophy of life is “Yi”. It means we have to regard our country’s rise and fall as our works. We do everything that favor of nation; we don’t just get the salary. On the other hand, I make a point of practicing. It is important to do.

Jody: What kinds of work do you want to do?
Mo Dee: First, I will do my best to make a lot of money. Then, I want to set of a philanthropic organization. No matter where and when they need to rescue, I will be there.

Judy: You hope people in the world will not be in a distressful situation. I remember you are antiwar. What is your opinion of America attack Iraq before?
Mo Dee: Even if war can’t made a lot of people die and destroy historic building now. It is not beneficial to fight for America and Iraq. They have to spend a lot of money. America won the game. So what? I will do my best to prevent the war if I still live. I hope Iraq will be fine with the help of America.

Judy: Do you have proposal for political phenomenon?
Mo Dee: We have to observe the politician weather they have good achievement in their official career or not. They need to have wisdom and high EQ. They must try their best to finish everything that is good for citizens.

Judy: What thought do you have about revolution of education?
Mo Dee: We study hard because of our future, so we learn something that is useful for us forever. We attach importance to attitude of doing a deed and working. Our children have to learn how to solve question and how to face failure in school. They can do a lot of difficult challenge, and they always full of vitality. We have to make our children understand filial obedience, taking pleasure in helping people, making good habit, etc. They will want to learn every interesting thing.

Judy: How do you think about society phenomenon?
Mo Dee: Because of our high quality of life and technology, we become cold and indifferent. There is a lot of case about son killing their mother. The only way is love being in our heart. We have a passion for not only our family and friends but also strange people. And we have to severely punish people who kill and hurt somebody.

:
Judy: What is your refutation if someone critic your thinking?
Mo Dee: I grew up in a poor family. I have to overcome many problem of livelihood. I don’t need unnecessary ceremony. I am bearing in mind the interest of low level people. Out life is different to them. We also have different trouble to solve.

Judy: What do you think the weak economy?
Mo Dee: Be frugal. We will spend money on right thing. We have to take a habit of thrifty, especially the government official.

Judy: How to solve the unemployed problem?
Mo Dee: We will increase production. It is don’t enough to support consumption if we don’t work. The government can offer the opportunity by building the public facilities.

Judy: So, your opinion means we will give a birth as possible as we can. But now more and more people choose to get marry after thirty years old and don’t want to give birth. What is your opinion?
Mo Dee: That is not good to do that. The society will be aging of population in the future. We are short of physical labor. The economy will be weak after many years.

Judy: What do you think that there are a lot of program about ghost on TV?
Mo Dee: They exist with us. They don’t hurt anybody. In fact, ghosts have the ability to punish and award, too. No matter where and when you do illegal thing, they all know.

Judy: How to think that young people pursue the famous brand?
Mo Dee: We wear clothes for the sake of covering our body and being warm. We can donate more money to refugee around the world. We treasure thing we have and are willing to help people.

Judy: We can go to a lot of place to play, such as KTV, Movie Theater, etc. What do you think?
Mo Dee: I always think that it is unmeaning to spend time on pastime. But the day has changed; you gave to face more stress than me. You real need to take a rest on holiday. We don’t still cost much money to see movies and sing songs. We can go hiking.

Judy: What are your finally goal?
Mo Dee: I hope the world will become a big family. We don’t have war. We love and help each other. We can change our sources.

Judy: You have some opinion for college
Mo Dee: You have an affluent life. You are so lucky. Because of famous brand, you can make money with your body. We don’t wear costly clothes, shoes and leather bag. You must import information and knowledge in your mind as much as possible. You can search many things by using computer, and don’t just play games.

Wang Bea 哲一智 493032466 葉筱慈

Wang Bea

Here is a mysterious Taoist temple. In other to have an interview with Mr. Wang Bea, we ask a favor o f spirit medium here. This spirit medium doesn’t think that this thing let everyone of society disturb his live, so we are very sorry that we can’t talk any thing about here. But our special correspondent-Zoë will finish this assignment for you.

Zoë: Hello everyone, my name is Zoë. I feel honored that Mr. Wang Bea (王弼) would graft my interview form decedent’s country. Would you say hallo to all persons will read this interview, Mr. Wang Bea?

Wang Bea: Yes. Hello everybody. My name is Wang Bea, and I am always twenty-two years old. This is the great and interesting experience to me about this interview.

Zoë: I think some of people don’t know you very much. Could you introduce yourself simply?

Wang Bea: I was born in the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China. When I was a child, many persons consider that I am a genius because I am very smart in the way about China literature. I completed my first writing in my seventeenth year of my human life. My writing was recognized by some important men who study in mysterious doctrine and let me become a significant authoritative. Everyone in that time expected my growing, but I dead early. The heavy sick get my young live.

Zoë: When you study scholarship about China literature, who did affect you very much?

Wang Bea: The men who effect me very much are Lao-tse (老子) and Chuang-tzu (莊子). Their thinking and theories affected all learned men in the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China. In addition, Wang Xiang(王充) in the Eastern Han Dynasty also affected me very much. my good teacher nice friend-He Yan(何晏) help me in many ways.

Zoë: Could you talk about how did your teacher, He Yan, help you?

Wang Bea: Many people are jealous of someone who has better knowledge, but my teacher is different with them. He has great sentiment-to pardon and appreciate any gifted scholar. If l did not have his appreciation and promoting, I could not have achievement and get so good reputation when I was so young.

Zoë: You are the significant authoritative of mysterious doctrine in the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China. Could you talk about your doctrine of metaphysics?

Wan Bea: No problem. My doctrines of metaphysic contain three focal points. Foremost is about “What is the Nature?”, second is about “the Nature and the Confucian ethical code”, and third is about “the Nature and political”.

Zoë: What is “What is the Nature”? Is your “the Nature” the same with Lao-tse’s and Chuang-tzu’s?

Wang Bea: No, my “Nature” is different with Lao-tse’s and Chuang-tzu’s. Lao-tse’s “Nature” means “to follow the example of someone”. Human follows the example of ground, ground follows the example of manifestation of God’s will, and manifestation of God’s will follows the example of the nature law. The nature law is the Nature. Lao-tse also called the nature law to “the Way”(道). Chuang-tzu thought “the Nature is the way, and the way is the Nature” directly. I agree their thinking. But their “Nature” opposes every man-made thing that consisted of kind or good actions, my “Nature” objects to sham, example fishing for fame.

Zoë: Sorry…… I think I don’t know what you mean.

Wang Bea: That’s all right. My keynote about the Nature is “The nature law is the Nature”. What is the nature law? It is “don’t interfere anything”- let anything get free to develop. IN other words, “Nil is Nature”. Beside Lao-tse and Chuang-tzu, Wang Xiang also influenced me so much.

Zoë: Why?

Wang Bea: First at all, let me talk about Wang Xiang’s doctrine. I was not first man to project about these two thinking-” The nature law is the Nature” and “Nil is the Nature”. Wang Xiang regarded that producing of all thing on earth is nature- the nature law didn’t intervene all things’ developing. He didn’t approve providence had will. I also advocated so. As a matter of fact, our theories had many same contents.

Zoë: What is your different?

Wang Bea: Wang Xiang deemed the foundation of all things was the “Gas”, and anything’s happening is the accident. But I didn’t approve so-I though the foundation of all things was “Nil”. For one thing I denied the material world exists, for another thing the Nature and the Confucian ethical code has no clash with each other. Some later learned men think my sense about universe is a sheer fabrication outing of nothing and it is the opposite direction to Wang Xiang.


Zoë: You just refereed to Confucian ethical code. What the relation do they have?

Wang Bea: Confucian ethical code means the relation between the king and his ministers. From the Han Dynasty (206B.C.-A.D.220), beside pass the test, people who want to be the government officials could be recommend if they were a filial piety or honest men. But most of people who were elected were not real dutiful sons or white anted persons. Some men started to think the worth of Confucian school ethics. It was important question how to finish the crisis of the Confucian ethical code. In order to finish this, I want to find the power of Taoism, Lao-tse, and Chuang-tzu. Many men of learning in that time think the Nature and the Confucian ethical code could not be at the same time, so I also put forward to refute. The Confucian ethical code belongs to the Nature.

Zoë: How to use your “Nature” in political?

Wang Bea: In political, I also stand for “Nil is Nature”. King is only one person, but he has many people of his nation. It is impassable to control everyone by himself. He want King let his people develop freely, and his people will bring into play their inborn ability. To live together peacefully can get peace reigns over the land.

Zoë: Would you speak on us about philosophy of persons’ life with your proposition?

Wang Bea: Go with the Nature and disclaim all achievements. Don’t rely on your petty trick and indulge your desire. People will lose their pure inherent quality if they keep artificial efforts. We must hold our heart like the innocent heart of a child to save from damage. The most important things are to make your home, be the man of consider able culture, and far away any dangerous.

Zoë: Did you be as good as your words when you still live in that time?

Wang Bea: I think I must be honest to tell you: I didn’t. So many later scholars consider that I speak one way and think another. Have they though about one thing?-my live is very short. If I have more live, I must achieve my thinks.

Zoë: Do you know what appraise your theory get form later?

Wang Bea: Beside that I just said, some later scholars of history regard my theory bring a big bad effecting. A lot of intellectuals in that time were completely informal and consider their actions were my “Nature”. Nobody cared about politics, military affairs, and people’s livelihood. All day they were regaling with wine and told about vague and general opinions. Let the Northern and Southern Dynasties want to feeble and die.

Zoë: Could I ask you about your thinking about the later scholars’ appraise to you?

Wang Bea: That is real not my duty! Those intellectuals doglegged my thinking to try to escape reality, but that were no any relation with me!

Zoë: Please don’t excite, this table isn’t bear your pat……

Wang Bea: I am sorry very much, but I am angry when I recall this thing. My theory doesn’t wreck the country and bring ruin to the people, because my real intention is to change hypocritical current tendencies.

Zoë: Although some scholars gave you bad appraise, they also give your theory with best evaluate. All of they think your doctrine is a great and important breakthrough in the China ideological understanding.

Wang Bea: At long last, they talk some words about me with their conscience.

Zoë: Would you publish your thinking about today modern society?

Wang Bea: Today, more and more people use false mask to get long with each other. Although you have more and more convenient live, your heart also gets more and more lonesome. You have to reference my theory to chance this phenomenon.

Zoe: Your thinking is a milepost of China philosophy. Thank you very much.

Wang Bea: You are welcome. Thanks.

Zhu Xi 哲一智 493032246 陳立翰

Zhu Xi

Hello everybody! My name is Tony. One day, I step into the time machine without any notice. In this travel, I returned to the Song Dynasty. Thereupon I went to visit Zhu Xi.
On the way I visited Zhu Xi, the weather is good. He was reading the book in a study and I was watching him though the window in the same time. He saw me and asked me to sit down and talk to him face-to-face. Then we started our conversation.

Tony: What is the meaning of “Primal chaos” in your theory?
Zhu Xi: It is natural law or rule and principle of the universe – the movement between masculine and feminine – Yi Yong.
Tony: What is your main idea in your philosophy theory?
Zhu Xi: My specialty is detailed analysis in concept and meticulous logical ponder.
Tony: What is the center in your theory?
Zhu Xi: The center of my theory is about the relationship between “Heart” and”Human nature”.
Tony: Who is your natural universe theories inherit from?
Zhu Xi: Mainly I learn this theory of Dong Jhong Shu’s theory.
Tony: What is your opinion about principle of people?
Zhu Xi: I think that the principle of people have two systems, it consist of “nature system”and “morals system”. This two systems influence in my life.
Tony: Who is your theory’s inherited from?
Zhu Xi: I inherit from Cheng Yei.
Tony: What is the difference between your theory and Cheng Yei’s?
Zhu Xi: Cheng Yei’s is rationalism, so he is against the experience’s status and function. But in my opinion, experience is very important so I take it.
Tony: Do you believe god?
Zhu Xi: Yes! And I also believe Gods and ghosts, and the strange event make by them, I think our”heart” can induce it.
Tony: What is the basic concept in your 天人合一 theory?
Zhu Xi: The basic concept in my 天人合一 theory is “Le” and ”Chi”.
Tony: What is “Lie”?
Zhu Xi:”Lie” are the natural law in the tendency and development in our universe.
Tony: What is “Investigates thoroughly”?
Zhu Xi: “Investigates thoroughly” is really the understanding, truth and knowledge of the reality does. Therefore the standard may enhance the human’s moral standard. After you get the meaning, you may transcend to the mortal world.
Tony: What is the target” Investigates thoroughly”?
Zhu Xi: Investigates thoroughly, the target is not the knowledge. It is the experience, the truth of treating people.
Tony: What is the difference between “Nature of the destiny” and “nature of the makings”?
Zhu Xi: Nature of the destiny is congenital; nature of the makings will be acquired in the life. The nature of human is friendly, but we will have evil mind which acquired in the life.
Tony: What is the connotation of “Le”?
Zhu Xi: It is equal to “Kind heart”,“Just” ,“Politeness” ,“Wisdom”.
Tony: What is “明明德”?
Zhu Xi: It is the understanding in the good morals.
Tony: What is “morals”?
Zhu Xi: Morals - I have two ideas. First, it is “After doing something good. We can obtain the promotion in our mind. Second, it is
“You obtain the truth by yourself”.
Tony: What is “Realized”?
Zhu Xi: “Realized” is “You understand a truth by one flash in the heart.”
Tony: What is use about” Investigates thoroughly”?
Zhu Xi: the idea of Investigates thoroughly is that you must give up your desire and make use of the natural justice in your heart.
Tony: What is 格物窮理?
Zhu Xi:”格物窮理.” refers to investigates thoroughly principle of the every objective things.
Tony: What is” heart”?
Zhu Xi: Mainly, it’s the “Will of the people” and “conscience” “Heart of the moral”.

After yours illustration, I learn more about your philosophy, I hope I will still have chance to converse with you. Good bye!

Leibniz & Scelling 哲學一智 493032416 潘彥竹

A Strange of My Spring Vacation

During my spring vacation, I bivouacked with my family. In the afternoon, I walked alone the river by my lonesome. Looked at the beautiful sky, the greensward and I enjoyed the forest spa. I thought, Leibniz said, everything in macrocosm is made by atom, include, the sky, the forest, the sward and me. How magical! Then, I walked a long distance gradually.
“That a trouble! I seem away off my tentage and I thirst!” When I thought what should I do, I saw an isba and there were some words,” For those philosophers who never pass away.” And there were some small words under side,” Whether you are thirst, want to take a rest or have any doubt, welcome to my room. There always prepare the coffee for you.” I nosed coffee and muffin fragrance, so I can’t but into there.
There were few people inside and sputtered together. I saw a man sit against the window whom I seem have seen before, so I went there and sat next him.
“Hi! Nice to meet you. Did we meet before? I think you are so familiar.” I said.
“Well, God is giant. The world made by atom, and God is apocalyptic inner man.” He said.
“Oh! I know. You are Leibniz. That great! I have some problem want to ask you for long time.” I said, and I felt inconceivable.
“Ok, it’s my pleasure.” Leibniz said.

Claire: I had read a little your doctrine; can you tell me some about you?
Leibniz: Because of I am a diplomat and contact with many countries of Europe, so my concept is diverse and finding the balance between the antinomy and the polarization. I appreciate eastern philosophy and accomplished a China philosophy author by French.

Claire: Well, What is the theory of atom? Just now, I thought about it.
Leibniz: The macrocosm is made by atom, account of it is the immortal unit, and it can’t divorce, but the corporality has tractility and the corporality staked out a place that can be divorced, atom has no tractility and materiality. Come down to bedrock, the essence and the power compose of the atom, in the other word, God create the world. You see?

Claire: I see. And I had heard about methodology, can you decipher it for me?
Leibniz: First, I mention Harmony: The world seem conflicting and antinomy, in fact, it is just a branch of the big wisdom. So he wants to settlement the encyclopedia.
Second, Symbolic logic: In order to accept the opinions of each other, you must have the implement of communication. It seem difficult to you.

Claire: That’s right. I have some indigestion, but that okay. Then what is the theory of instruction?
Leibniz: To made the truth deoxygenate and generalize. It has two sorts. One is “Truth of Reason.” Another one is “Truth of Fact.”

Claire: Then, what is the theory of abstraction?
Leibniz: The abstraction of pluralism, the macrocosm of bedrock is made by the most immortal unit.

Claire: And what is innate idea?
Leibniz: Get before the experience and it is the truth of pleternities. For example, math and the logic notion.

Claire: What is the big law? I remember it is the fundament of macrocosm based on it.
Leibniz: It has six sorts:
The first is “the Principle of Sufficient Reason.” And the second is “the Principle of Identity.” The third is ”the Principle of Perfection.” The fourth is “the Principle of the Identity of Indisconnibles.” The fifth is “The Principle of Continuity.” And the least is “the Principle of Pre-established Harmony.”

Claire: How is immaterial atom that is the fundament of the material world?
Leibniz: The material staked out a place and can’t intrude. One is “The First res.” The force of passivity. The signalment of the most germinal material. Another one is “The Second res.” The active force. A power that can change formation else.

Claire: For Monotheism, if God is all beginning, where is evil?
Leibniz: There three type. The evil of abstraction and the evil of body. Finally is the ethics of evil.

Claire: Al right, it’s really let me know more. The next question, why being but nothingness?
Leibniz: By simple principle, nothing is simpler than something, so it is the reason why God created the world.

Claire: I remember that you have held up two edifices, can you talk about them?
Leibniz: Ok. The one is optimism; keep orthodoxy, aeriality and superficiality. The second is abstract, method is self-consistent, and there is the logic.

Claire: Talk about this. What kind of Philosophy idea that affected you in Paris?
Leibniz: I have be affected by R'ene Descartes and the materialism of Car Sandi.

Claire: Would you talk about the tractility of your cognizance?
Leibniz: The tractility isn’t a kind of an entity. The mean of the tractility is “pluralism”, which is consisted of many entities. I believe that there are boundless entities, and I named them “atom”.

Claire: I know you regard Descartes very much. What doctrine did your circularize after accepted his doctrine?
Leibniz: I thought of that any two atom didn’t have causation. Didn’t mind “Dynamics”, just noticed about consciousness. I alleged that any atom reflected the cosmos, because I god give its a habitude. A change of an atom and the other atom is called “connate accord”.

Claire: How did you define “connate accord”?
Leibniz: Some people thought of that “connate accord” is too bizarre to believe. I thought of that argued the existence of the god. All atom consisted a system, and some atoms of them can reflected the cosmos clearly. All atom represent blur, and the extensity followed the degree of atom.

Claire: Then, can you expression the “the same of the thing we didn’t see”?
Leibniz: Of course I can. Every foothold is occupied by only one atom. It’s impossible that two atom are same.

Claire: What consideration did you have was same with Thomas Argue?
Leibniz: I thought of that the god can’t do something contravene logic, but the god can do anything if it conform logic.

Claire: What four argumentation did you have to prove that the being of the god?
Leibniz: The first is the argumentation of entity. The second is the argumentation of cosmos. The third is the argumentation of everlasting truth. The last is the argumentation of connate accord.

Claire: By the way, can you express the “The argumentation of entity”?
Leibniz: Any people and anything are real, and they have some habitudes, that cause the essence. But they are not real just because their essence to any entity. I define “have”, it has a fare-thee-well. So “have” is perfect, and real is listed of “have”.

Claire: The final question. Please express the “The argumentation of cosmos”, thanks.
Leibniz: The argumentation of cosmos is better than the argumentation of entity. It is one kind of argumentation of first reason. I thought of that anything is accidental, maybe they were not real. We can use this argumentation for cosmos. I thought that anything of cosmos have reason for being, and these reasons we called “the god”.

“It’s time to go, Miss.” Leibniz said.
“All right. I really happy to talk about philosophy with you.” I said.
“Me, too. Bye.
“Bye.”

After Leibniz left, I still enjoyed my coffee.
Suddenly, a man was sat down in front of me. And he said:
“Hello, Miss, how are you today?”
“Fine, thanks. Did we know?”
“Sure, in the next moment, we will be friends. My name is Schelling, I am a philosopher.”
“You are Schelling? That’s great, I have many problem in philosophy. Can I ask you?”
“Sure, just do it.” Schelling said.

Claire: What is your three parts of argumentation?
Schelling: My major is that find the essentiality of absolute fare-thee-well in myself. And the minor is that to be is the perfection. Then consequent is that the being includes the essentiality of absolute fare-thee-well.

Claire: I understand now. And what are your four doctrines?
Schelling: The first is Naturphilosophie. The second is Transcendental–philosophies. The third is Identitat-sphilosophie. The last is Ethicphilosophie.

Claire: Well, and what faults did you think that Descartes made when he analogizing?
Schelling: Plus in conclusion quam fuerat in praemissis

Claire: What two propositions did you sort out in argumentation of logic?
Schelling: The one is that the argumentation of assumption. (If God is, God is infallibly.) The other one is that the argumentation of affirmation. (God is infallibly.)

Claire: What concept did you construe Kant’s comment?
Schelling: The ens is a predicative but das-was-ist is all concept of concept.

Claire: Then, what did the essence of exist infallibly?
Schelling: Naught is impossible, and the essence of inevitability is blind, in the other word, das blinde Seyende.

Claire: I think so. Then, why did you dictate ens to no proleptic so that compartmentalizes two philosophies?
Schelling: The essence of consequent ens. The conception has some distance to the God essence. Implicate the nature of God, and the nature esteems das schlechthin Seyende.

Claire: How did you delineate God in the rule of “God is the possession of being”?
Schelling: God is the possession of being and being. (Herr des Seyns and Seyn.)

Claire: What did you emphasize in the association of negativphilosophie?
Schelling: The first is the highest essence. The second is the consequential ens.

Claire: The final question. What the association between these two?
Schelling: The highest ens, if it exist, it can only be the aforehand ens, so it should be a consequential ens.

“Today is my lucky day, I run into Leibniz and Schelling. It’s a fortunate thing.”
“Ha, if I can help you, it’s my pleasure. Time is late, I need to go now.” Schelling said.
“Ok, nice to meet you. Bye!” I said.
“Bye” Schelling said.

Parmenides 哲學一愛 493031101 薛鈞豪

One day ,I’m sleeping in Albert’s class. I dream a man talking with me.

1 Rock: What is your name ?

Parmenides: My name is Parmenides .

2 Rock: Who are the one influence most of you?

Parmenides: Xenophanes is my teacher. “Hen” “Immutable” is from him in my theory.
And other one affect me is Pythagoras. I believe the“transmigration” he said. I also live in diligent life to fallow him and his team .

3 Rock: Where were you born?

Parmenides: Elea .I am the philsopher of Eleatics .I born in noble family with rich life. In time of 96th sport meet, it is my high peak. I made law for Elea so let the town become happy and rich

4 Rock: When is your time ?

Parmenides; 540-470 B.C.

5 Rock: Please talk about your theory.

Parmenides: I had said ”being is being, not being is not being.”

6 Rock : Then what is being ?

Parmenides: Thinking is being and the same, being is thinking. Except thing of to come round ,there are no being . All the being should be straighten out our thinking


7 Rock: Please talk about your cosmology.

Parmenides: My cosmology is dulism. There are world of ideal and world of sense perception. World of Ideal is mirage. World of sense perception is the real

8 Rock: Why do you think so ?

Parmenides: Because I can’t think trough about world of sense perception, it’s mirage.

9 Rock: Why you think obstructed?

Parmenides: “ Laws of identity” ”laws of contradiction” ”laws of excluded middle” is our basic rule of thinking .In world of sense perception , one thing can become to the other. I can’t accept the thing , so I think obstructed.

10 Rock: Finally do you think your theory will be accept for later generation?

Parmenides: It is no mean to later generation to accept me , but “being is being” is not to change forever.
11 Rock: Please, tell me why you show up in front of me?

Parmenides: Well, I see you in the dream now.

12 Rock: Can you tell me what kind of girls you are interesting?

Parmenides: Sorry. I don’t like boy, and I am a gay. Well, it’s pretty normal for people like me in that time. I love the muscle guy very much.

13 Rock: Do you use computer often?

Parmenides: What is that? Never heard of it.

15 Rock: Do you believe the world be round ?

Parmenides: I can’t believe. Isn’t the world level??

16 Rock: Can you speak English?

Parmenides: No ,I can’t .I just speak language of Greece.

17 Rock: Are you a normal people?

A Parmenides: Of cause!!

18 Rock:What is the human being?

A Parmenides: The human being is the human being.

19 Rock: Why do you named Parmenides?

A Parmenides: Because my mother named me .

21 Parmenides: Why do you want talk with me?

Rock : Because that’s my English homework.

22 Parmenides: Can I leave here?

Rock: OK, bye bye~ see you~~.

I wake up ………..

Pythagoras 哲一智 493032284 陳澤婷

Pythagoras

One day Tina was traveling on the street, and she ran into Pythagoras then they started a conversation.

Tina: How do you do Mr. Pythagoras?
Pythagoras: Not bad! I am living in a holy world!
Tina: May I ask you some questions?
Pythagoras: Sure! Of course you can!

Tina: Where were you born? Where did your scholarly thoughts grow?
Pythagoras: I was born in the Samos Island . I was the person of Ionien, but my thoughts were grown at Croton on the southern coast of Italy. So most of what you know is based on the writings of my later disciples.

Tina: Did you have ever studied from any teacher?
Pythagoras: Uh ~ I have even studied from Thales. I left from my home to his hometown ~ Miletus, being appreciated him to teach me lots of mathematical knowledge.

Tina: What was your teacher’s thought?
Pythagoras: He said “Water is the source of everything, and the earth is based on water, and everything has a soul.”

Transmigration of souls

Tina: If it could, do you want to live in the world longer than you do it?
Pythagoras: Actually, I wish I could stay in the world shorter than I did because I consider our bodies as jails. And our souls were poisoned by it.

Tina: How to solve “soul”?
Pythagoras: We have to make the sensational experiences not to affect us in order to achieve a happy world as possible as we could.

Orphic Mysteries

Tina: I heard you constructed a mysterious organization, could you introduce it?
Pythagoras: Actually, I can’t tell you details because you’re not our members! What I can say is all of us have to abide by strict rules, but what we research can’t be revealed except our members.

Tina: Could you say something about your rules?
Pythagoras: Alright! We prohibit from eating leguminous food, walking on the artery, and sitting on the container. Tina: I have heard that as entering your organization, the person must say some words?
Pythagoras: Oh! Yes, it is true! I ask them not to divulge any discovery concerning mathematics.

Tina: Why don’t you eat meat? Do you go on a diet?
Pythagoras: Of course not! I suppose everybody has a soul, including of animals. Perhaps, you eat the meat in which your friends’ souls live! Tina: Why do you think so? Pythagoras: One day I saw a dog that was beaten, and I realized the soul of it was my friend by its sob!

Tina: What is the “purify” by your definition?
Pythagoras: People who can cast off bodies is “purify”, the “purify” was a kind of soul purify! We have to do that by “music” and “sport”! Soul identifies harmony!

Tina: Are you the man who has the most intelligence?
Pythagoras: No, I just Philo-sophia that is mend love the wisdom. Tina: Do you know what? Pythagoras: what? Tina: Nowadays, people are regarding it as philosophy!

Tina: How many kinds of people do you distinguish?
Pythagoras: I distinguished people into three kinds: First the people love money. Ex: peddlers. Second the people love reputation. Ex: The man takes part in match. Third the people love wisdom or theory. The last kind of people can obtain happiness.

Tina: Why can we purify soul by music?
Pythagoras: The number interacts with the number in music was harmony and soul identifying harmony.

Tina: What do you realize the essence of world?
Pythagoras: The essence of world is “figure”. There is a very important relation with “music”, and it has perfect distance with “harmony”! The figure combined with each other was holy!

Tina: Why the essence of world is “figure”?
Pythagoras: Because everything is countable, “1” is point,”2” is line, “3” is plane, “4” is solid and “10” is perfect figure. “10” is the total of them.

Tina: Why singular and even number is opponent?
Pythagoras: Everything has two opposite things integrated effect also were the persa and apeiron. Tina: Do you still have any other concert expect it?
Pythagoras: Uh~ I think singular is kind and even number is evil.

Tina: What is the center in the cosmos?
Pythagoras: “Fire”. Other celestials all surrounding the “Fire’ and orbiting in it.

Tina: What is “Fire”?
Pythagoras: I and my disciples don’t see the earth as round and view the earth as not center of the cosmos. The earth, planets and sun all surround the “Fire” orbiting.

Tina: What is your disciple-Alcamaeon of Croton’s thoughts?
Pythagoras: He thinks harmony identifies health, figure’s proportion is stable, stability identifies science, and disease identifies unharmonious

Tina: Why harmony identifies health?
Pythagoras: Because he was a doctor and he discover brain can control everything’s thoughts as to regard brain as the center of thoughts.

Tina: How about your disciple-Io of chios?
Pythagoras: He considers “3” as the most presidential figure in the world; “3” represents a kind of stabilization.

Tina: Thank you for answering! Nice to talk to you!
Pythagoras: Me too, I’m glad to chat with you!