Heraclitus 哲學一愛 493031072 周曼婷

Questions and Answers of Heraclitus

1.Who is Heraclitus?
Heraclitus was a Pre-Socratic. He was born in Ephesos (544-484 B.C). In the beginning he was a royal Presbytery, but he can’t stand a rotten city and tyrant (Melankomas), therefore he lived in privacy until his death.

2.The life of Heraclitus.
Heraclitus was a royal priest during the time of 69th Olympics. He abandoned his position, because of the corruption of the empire. Some say he lived in Artemidos in his late years. He died in the age of sixty without getting married.

3.Why did Heraclitus became a philosopher?
Heraclitus said that only the people of the wise can see how the world functions. Only the people of the wise noticed that the world is changing at all time. People of the wise have their own theory towards the change. These groups of wise people are called Philosophers in later years.

4.What was his cerebration?
His cerebration was just like some of the Chinese philosophers, such as Lao-tzu, but only fragments of text. Here are some of his main cerebrations:
- The change. (Panta Rhei)
- The unity of opposites.
- Logos (logic).- Fire.
- The theory of Flux.
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5.What is “The Change (Panta Rhei)?”
He feels that the world and everything else in the world are variation and diversification. The world is all times changing.

6.What is Heraclitus’ theory regarding to the origin of the universe?
Different philosophers have been looking for different “Arche (the origin of the universe).” Logos is the Arche of Heraclitus. Logos is said to be like the “Tao” from Lao-tzu. It includes many things from different areas.

7.What is the meaning of Logos?
According to Heraclitus, Logos is the most ultimate reason and most ultimate solution for all existence in the universe. It is also the ultimate reason for “Panta Rhei” to work. ‘Panta Rhei” is the cause for things in the world to function, and Logos is the cause for “Panta Rhei” to function.

8.What are the ways that Heraclitus uses to represent his element of Arche?
Heraclitus used four different levels of elements to describe this. The highest level is “fire,” after that is “gas”, next is ‘water’, and below that is ‘soil”. However, fire is still the most ultimate element of his Arche.

9.Who did Heraclitus’ cerebration effect?
It affected Plato’s theory of Universal Law. It also affected Aristotle’s thought of “the change,” which made Aristotle came up with the term Panta Rhei.

10.How did the people from the past effected Heraclitus’ theory?
Heraclitus agreed with some of the philosophers from the past that thoughts of people are more important than the sense of organs. It is true that you need sense of organs to recognize the world, but you could also be lost in the seduction of the world.