Karl Marx 哲學一愛 493031486 巫偉誠

Karl Marx

Karl Marx is not only a philosopher , but also a revolutionist . His friend - Friedrich Engels ( 恩格斯 ) had ever said that Marx is “ before all else a revolutionist “ by Marx’s tomb . He was a German , and born in a Jew bourgeois family . He became a communist during 1845~1847 , and then joined “ The International Working Men’s Association ( 第一國際 ) “ with Friedrich Engels , and became the party’s leader later .
Today , we invite him come here to have a dialogue with us . In this conversation , we will get more recognition about Karl Marx and his theory .

Gino : Hi , Marx . I am Gino . We admire your name for a long time . It is a great honor to have a conversation with you today . Can you say hello to everybody ?
Marx : Hello everyone , I am Karl Marx .
Gino : Marx , why did you provide your theory ? Can you introduce some about that to us ?
Marx : I consider that whole human history is just a classes struggle history , and I call my thought means “ dialectical materialism “ . I adopt Hegel’s ( 黑格爾 ) dialectic , but I just emphasize three aspects – feudalism , capitalism , and socialism . Hegel looked races as media of communicating dialectic activity , however , I change races into classes . I think that socialism or wage-labor’s position isn’t base on morals or humanism . Instead , I expect socialism . It goes without saying that all dialectic activities represent “ progress . “ I believed that finish of socialism will bring more well-being to human than feudalism or capitalism .
Gino : What is determinism ? Please explain it for us ?
Marx : I think that Human are producers of their conceptions and ideas , real and active when they are conditioned by a definite development of their production and the intercourse corresponding to them . Morality , religion , and metaphysics ( 形上學 ) , all remaining things of ideology and their corresponding forms of consciousness are no longer retain the semblance of independence . They don’t have history and development , but only men kept developing their material production and material intercourse , therefore they are real existence , they think and produce thinking . I think “ Life is not determined by consciousness, but consciousness by life . “
Gino : What’s your thought about the ruling ideas of ruling class ?
Marx : I consider that the ideas of the ruling class in every epoch is always ruling ideas . In other words , the class is the ruling material force of society , at the same time is its ruling clever force . Another new class replace the old class , is compelled to represent its interest as the common interest of all the members of society .
Gino : Then , what role do you think bourgeoisie play in society ?
Marx : The bourgeois has played a most revolutionary part , because they have plenty of capital , along with social status . It has converted the physician, the lawyer, the priest, the poet, the man of science, into its paid wage-laborers.
Gino : What’s your definition about “ wage-labor ? “
Marx : People who work for wages , or workers considered as a group .
Gino : Then , why do you think bourgeoisie overthrow ?
Marx : The productive forces of society no longer tend to further the development of the bourgeois property ; On the contrary , they have become too powerful for these conditions , and bring chaos into the whole bourgeois society, endanger the existence of bourgeois property . The essential condition for the existence and the sway of the bourgeois class, is the formation and argumentation of capital . Wage-labor continues exclusively on competition among the laborers. These involuntary promoter-bourgeoisie leads to the advance of industry , and replace the laborers , due to competition , they associate . I think that “ the bourgeoisie , therefore , produces above all, is its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable . “
Gino : Can you tell us the base and superstructure of your theory ?
Marx : The whole relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society , the real foundation arise a legal and political superstructure and correspond definite forms of social consciousness . It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being , on the contrary , their social being that determines their consciousness .
Gino : About Wage-Labor and Capital . What do you think ?
Marx : It seem that the gather of capital comes from the difference of wage-labor ‘s pay and the price of productions , I name it “ surplus value ( 剩餘價值 ) . “ These surplus value can apply capitalists to buy more materials or wage-labors .
Gino : If we want to know you in advance , where can we get such information ?
Marx : I think you can find my writing of book---- “ German Ideology “ , “ Communist Manifesto “ , “ Capital “ , “ Grundrisse “ from the library or type the keyword into your internet search engine “ Google . “ and you will find more about me and my theory .
Gino : Oh , thank you , Mr. Marx .
Marx : Ha Ha … you are welcome . It’s my pleasure , too .